{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:03:36Z","timestamp":1791295416032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Implement Sci Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a proven low-cost intervention to prevent neonatal mortality of pre-term and low birth weight babies and is very relevant to Bangladesh. KMC provides thermal regulation and thus directly avert neonatal mortality. KMC includes early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact between an infant and caregiver, exclusive breastfeeding, early discharge from the hospital, and post-discharge follow-up. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fidelity of this intervention\u2019s implementation according to national guidelines across all tiers of government (public) health facilities of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We adopted a triangulation mixed-methods approach of both quantitative and qualitative components in this research to support and explain the information obtained from quantitative observation with the help of qualitative interviews on the fidelity of KMC practice. We used an observation checklist to find the fidelity of KMC practice and used semi-structured guidelines to explain and understand the moderators of fidelity through key informant interviews and in-depth interviews. We undertook eight facility visits in four districts, observed twenty-three neonates and their caregivers during KMC practice at those facilities, and conducted twenty-seven key informant interviews with facility managers, health care providers, and five in-depth interviews with caregivers. Extracted information was triangulated and arranged under the themes of the fidelity framework.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite being a low-cost intervention, findings exhibit some adherence to the national guideline with several gaps in practice. Leadership played a critical role in ensuring the KMC practice. Specific components of KMC practice, like duration, nutrition maintenance, discharge criteria, and follow-up, were not consistent as recommended. Infrastructure, human resources, developmental partner support, and the demand-side and supply-side responsiveness played a critical role in enacting this human-centric approach\u2019s fidelity. The observed interruption found in the implementation process posed threats to achieve the intended outcome as these caused violations of the basic principles of KMC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study findings will help find ways to effectively deliver this intervention so that fidelity of practice is maintained, enhancing KMC services\u2019 quality and advocating towards the successful scale-up of this program.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T18:07:46Z","timestamp":1633889266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fidelity of kangaroo mother care services in the public health facilities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional mixed-method study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Saima","family":"Mehjabeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mowtushi","family":"Matin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajat Das","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipsita","family":"Sutradhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yameen","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamina","family":"Sharmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahurul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malabika","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"010701","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.06.010701","volume":"6","author":"GJ Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan GJ, Valsangkar B, Kajeepeta S, Boundy EO, Wall S. What is kangaroo mother care? A systematic review of the literature. J Glob Health. 2016;6(1):010701.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"215_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Reproductive Health, World Health Organization, UNAIDS. Kangaroo mother care: a practical guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003."},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20152238","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2238","volume":"137","author":"EO Boundy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boundy EO, Dastjerdi R, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW, Missmer SA, Lieberman E, et al. Kangaroo mother care and neonatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016;137(1):e20152238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-2238.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0769-5","volume":"17","author":"ER Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith ER, Bergelson I, Constantian S, Valsangkar B, Chan GJ. Barriers and enablers of health system adoption of kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of caregiver perspectives. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-016-0769-5.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"215_CR5","volume-title":"WHO recommendations on interventions to improve pre-term birth outcomes","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO recommendations on interventions to improve pre-term birth outcomes. Geneva: WHO; 2015. Accepted 27 October 2015. 2018."},{"issue":"7475","key":"215_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7475.1179","volume":"329","author":"JG Ruiz-Pel\u00e1ez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruiz-Pel\u00e1ez JG, Charpak N, Cuervo LG. Kangaroo Mother Care, an example to follow from developing countries. Bmj. 2004;329(7475):1179\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.329.7475.1179.","journal-title":"Bmj."},{"key":"215_CR7","volume-title":"Situation analysis report on the introduction and feasibility of the expansion of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in Bangladesh","author":"E Hoque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoque E. Situation analysis report on the introduction and feasibility of the expansion of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in Bangladesh. Dhaka: icddr,b; 2013."},{"key":"215_CR8","volume-title":"Dhaka: save the children","author":"Kangaroo Mother Care in Bangladesh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kangaroo Mother Care in Bangladesh. Dhaka: save the children. Dhaka: Save the Children; 2017. [cited 24 March 2020]. Available from:https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Bangladesh-KAP-Summary-Sheet.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"215_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12929","volume":"104","author":"J Pervin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pervin J, Gustafsson FE, Moran AC, Roy S, Persson L\u00c5, Rahman A. Implementing Kangaroo mother care in a resource-limited setting in rural Bangladesh. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(5):458\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.12929.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"215_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.131","volume":"31","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Mitra SN, Chowdhury AM, Camacho LL, Winikoff B, Sloan NL. Community Kangaroo Mother Care: implementation and potential for neonatal survival and health in very low-income settings. J Perinatol. 2011;31(5):361\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2010.131.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"215_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2174\/157340411796355153","volume":"7","author":"LN Sloan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sloan LN, Ahmed S, Islam M, Mitra NS. Experiences with community kangaroo mother care in very low-income settings. Curr Womens Health Rev. 2011;7(3):310\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157340411796355153.","journal-title":"Curr Womens Health Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"215_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1047","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0076","volume":"121","author":"NL Sloan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sloan NL, Ahmed S, Mitra SN, Choudhury N, Chowdhury M, Rob U, et al. Community-based kangaroo mother care to prevent neonatal and infant mortality: a randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):e1047\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2007-0076.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1650-4","volume":"15","author":"SS Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SS, Ali D, Kennedy A, Tesfaye R, Tadesse AW, Abrha TH, et al. Assessing implementation fidelity of a community-based infant and young child feeding intervention in Ethiopia identifies delivery challenges that limit reach to communities: a mixed-method process evaluation study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1650-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"215_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125643","volume":"10","author":"G Seidman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seidman G, Unnikrishnan S, Kenny E, Myslinski S, Cairns-Smith S, Mulligan B, et al. Barriers and enablers of kangaroo mother care practice: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125643.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"215_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020802","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.020802","volume":"7","author":"K Chavula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chavula K, Likomwa D, Valsangkar B, Luhanga R, Chimtembo L, Dube Q, et al. Readiness of hospitals to provide Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and documentation of KMC service delivery: analysis of Malawi 2014 Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) survey data. J Glob Health. 2017;7(2):020802.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"215_CR16","volume-title":"Evaluation of kangaroo mother care services in Mali. Report","author":"AM Bergh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergh AM, Sylla M, Traore IM, Diall Bengali H, Kante M, Kaba DN. Evaluation of kangaroo mother care services in Mali. Report. Washington (DC): Save the Children; 2012."},{"issue":"S2","key":"215_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-15-S2-S5","volume":"15","author":"L Vesel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vesel L, Bergh AM, Kerber KJ, Valsangkar B, Mazia G, Moxon SG, et al. Kangaroo mother care: a multi-country analysis of health system bottlenecks and potential solutions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15(S2):S5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-15-S2-S5.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-2-40","volume":"2","author":"C Carroll","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carroll C, Patterson M, Wood S, Booth A, Rick J, Balain S. A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity. Implement Sci. 2007;2(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-2-40.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(97)00043-3","volume":"18","author":"AV Dane","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dane AV, Schneider BH. Program integrity in primary and early secondary prevention: are implementation effects out of control? Clin Psychol Rev. 1998;18(1):23\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-7358(97)00043-3.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-67","volume":"5","author":"H Hasson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hasson H. Systematic evaluation of implementation fidelity of complex interventions in health and social care. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1):67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-5-67.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"215_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12781","volume":"23","author":"MA Goodwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goodwin MA, Stange KC, Zyzanski SJ, Crabtree BF, Borawski EA, Flocke SA. The Hawthorne effect in direct observation research with physicians and patients. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017;23(6):1322\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.12781.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","volume":"18","author":"G Guest","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods. 2006;18(1):59\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525822X05279903.","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"215_CR23","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Plano Clark V, Gutmann M, Hanson W. Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori and C Teddle (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research.  Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2003; pp. 209\u201340."},{"key":"215_CR24","unstructured":"National Guideline on Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Director General of Health Service. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh.  Dhaka Bangladesh: 2014."},{"issue":"1 N.S","key":"215_CR25","first-page":"111","volume":"3","author":"J-P Olivier de Sardan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olivier de Sardan J-P. For an anthropology of gaps, discrepancies, and contradictions. Antropologia. 2016;3(1 N.S):111\u201331 Available from: https:\/\/www.ledijournals.com\/ojs\/index.php\/antropologia\/article\/view\/438.","journal-title":"Antropologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-017-0250-4","volume":"76","author":"O Bodson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bodson O, Barro A, Turcotte-Tremblay AM, Zant\u00e9 N, Som\u00e9 PA, Ridde V. A study on the implementation fidelity of the performance-based financing policy in Burkina Faso after 12 months. Arch Public Heal. 2018;76(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13690-017-0250-4.","journal-title":"Arch Public Heal"},{"issue":"2","key":"215_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130J","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.157818","volume":"94","author":"GJ Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan GJ, Labar AS, Wall S, Atun R. Kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of barriers and enablers. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(2):130J\u201341J.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"215_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bergh AM, De Graft-Johnson J, Khadka N, Om'Iniabohs A, Udani R, Pratomo H, et al. The three waves in implementation of facility-based kangaroo mother care: a multi-country case study from Asia. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2016;16(1) Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12914-016-0080-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-016-0080-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-293","volume":"14","author":"AM Bergh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bergh AM, Kerber K, Abwao S, Johnson JD, Aliganyira P, Davy K, et al. Implementing facility-based kangaroo mother care services: lessons from a multi-country study in Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-14-293.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"215_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aliganyira P, Kerber K, Davy K, Gamache N, Sengendo NH, Bergh AM. Helping small babies survive an evaluation of facility-based Kangaroo Mother Care implementation progress in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.37.3928.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.37.3928"},{"key":"215_CR31","volume-title":"Evaluation of Kangaroo Mother Care services in Rwanda","author":"AM Bergh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergh AM, Sayinzoga F, Mukarugwiro B, Zoungrana J, Abayisenga G, Karera C. Evaluation of Kangaroo Mother Care services in Rwanda; 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"215_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13218","volume":"52","author":"C Mellis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mellis C. Kangaroo Mother Care and neonatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2016;52(5):579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.13218.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"215_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/RRN.S138773","volume":"7","author":"S Uwaezuoke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uwaezuoke S. Kangaroo mother care in resource-limited settings: implementation, health benefits, and cost-effectiveness. Res Rep Neonatol. 2017;7:11\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRN.S138773.","journal-title":"Res Rep Neonatol"},{"key":"215_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.006","volume":"122","author":"EC Hunter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hunter EC, Callaghan-Koru JA, Al Mahmud A, Shah R, Farzin A, Cristofalo EA, et al. Newborn care practices in rural Bangladesh: Implications for the adaptation of kangaroo mother care for community-based interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2014;122:21\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.006.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15489","volume":"110","author":"N Charpak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Charpak N, Montealegre-Pomar A, Bohorquez A. Systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the duration of Kangaroo mother care has a direct impact on neonatal growth. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(1):45\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15489.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","volume":"4","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009;4(1):50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"215_CR37","unstructured":"Anaba AF. The perspective of midwives about Kangaroo Mother Care in the West Mamprusi district of the northern region of Ghana. 2016. http:\/\/ugspace.ug.edu.gh\/handle\/123456789\/21129 (accessed 16th May 2021)"},{"key":"215_CR38","volume-title":"Evaluation of kangaroo mother care services in Uganda","author":"AM Bergh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergh AM, Davy K, Otai CD, Nalongo AK, Sengendo NH, Aliganyira P. Evaluation of kangaroo mother care services in Uganda. Washington DC and Kampala: Save the Children; 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"215_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0024-2","volume":"76","author":"VR Parmar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parmar VR, Kumar A, Kaur R, Parmar S, Kaur D, Basu S, et al. Experience with Kangaroo mother care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Chandigarh, India. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76(1):25\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-009-0024-2.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"215_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2019.11.008","volume":"26","author":"IS Mustikawati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mustikawati IS, Pratomo H, Martha E, Murty AI, Adisasmita AC. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care in the community - a qualitative study. J Neonatal Nurs. 2020;26(2):109\u201314 Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnn.2019.11.008.","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"215_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15214","volume":"109","author":"N Charpak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charpak N, Angel MI, Banker D, Bergh AM, Mar\u00eda Bertolotto A, De Leon-Mendoza S, et al. Strategies discussed at the XIIth international conference on Kangaroo mother care for implementation on a countrywide scale. Acta Paediatr. 2020;109(11):2278\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15214 Epub 2020 Mar 4. PMID: 32027398; PMCID: PMC7687100.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Implementation Science Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T18:24:48Z","timestamp":1633890288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/implementationsciencecomms.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-021-00215-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-2211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-2211","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of BRAC JPGSPH, BRAC University. Permission to conduct this research in the health facilities was obtained from the DGHS, respective Civil Surgeons, and facility managers. Confidentiality was ensured by only disclosing respondents\u2019 identities to the research team and no third-party involvement.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The manuscript does not contain any individual data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"115"}}