{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:35Z","timestamp":1792788515213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK","award":["CRUK Convergence Science Centre ref. CTRQQR-2021\\100009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRUK Convergence Science Centre ref. CTRQQR-2021\\100009"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/054225q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Implement Sci Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mobile cancer-testing services can widen access by taking testing to community or workplace sites. But the test is only one part of the pathway: eligibility explanation, informed choice, privacy, documentation, result communication, referral, and follow-up move outside clinics. Unless specified before rollout, these tasks can make a service easier to attend but harder to govern. In diagnostic-test development, a Target Product Profile is an advance brief defining a test\u2019s intended users, use setting, and minimum and preferred features. To create an equivalent brief for outreach services, we adapted that approach into an implementation-aware Target Product Profile (iTPP). The iTPP turns evidence on delivery and handover into a requirement register, separating what must be in place, what would improve quality, what depends on local set-up, and what needs further evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a qualitative method-development study using the Man Van mobile prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing pathway as an exemplar, not an effectiveness evaluation. We interviewed attenders (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923), planning and delivery stakeholders (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913), and prospective stakeholders (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911). Using the Framework Method and abductive analysis, we charted interview evidence, converted delivery and handover issues into requirement statements, judged consequences of absence, and placed unresolved quantitative or operational questions in an Evidence and Decision Agenda.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The method produced a Man Van-derived register with 42 attributes across six clusters: outreach legitimacy; privacy and dignity; deliverability; test acceptability and performance uncertainty; counselling and next steps; and data integration with primary care. Handover requirements centred on result ownership, record integration, safety-netting, and loop closure: documented responsibility acceptance by a named receiving service when action was required. Diagnostic thresholds, referral ratios, staffing ratios, outreach pacing, unit costs, and equity effects were treated as questions for further evidence, not universal requirements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The iTPP is a pre-rollout method for specifying mobile outreach cancer-testing pathways before local adaptation, implementation, or evaluation. It identifies what should be preserved, what can vary by context, and what should remain open until stronger evidence is available. This PSA exemplar demonstrates the method; it does not establish service effectiveness, validate iTPP as an independent instrument, or recommend population screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:19:36Z","timestamp":1784171976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Specifying pathway requirements for mobile outreach cancer testing before rollout: an implementation-aware Target Product Profile method"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Kierkegaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masood","family":"Moghul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas David","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1041_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0454","volume":"26","author":"ZR Greenwald","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greenwald ZR, El-Zein M, Bouten S, Ensha H, Vazquez FL, Franco EL. Mobile Screening Units for the Early Detection of Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(12):1679\u201394.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-1135-7","volume":"19","author":"NC Malone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malone NC, Williams MM, Smith Fawzi MC, Bennet J, Hill C, Katz JN, Oriol NE. Mobile health clinics in the United States. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):40.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"1041_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E140","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd15.180291","volume":"15","author":"S Vang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vang S, Margolies LR, Jandorf L. Mobile Mammography Participation Among Medically Underserved Women: A Systematic Review. Prev Chronic Dis. 2018;15:E140.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1041_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07189-3","volume":"37","author":"SS Vang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vang SS, Dunn A, Margolies LR, Jandorf L. Delays in Follow-up Care for Abnormal Mammograms in Mobile Mammography Versus Fixed-Clinic Patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(7):1619\u201325.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1041_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1949-5","volume":"27","author":"JL Callen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Callen JL, Westbrook JI, Georgiou A, Li J. Failure to Follow-Up Test Results for Ambulatory Patients: A Systematic Review. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(10):1334\u201348.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05737-x","volume":"20","author":"B Wright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wright B, Lennox A, Graber ML, Bragge P. Closing the loop on test results to reduce communication failures: a rapid review of evidence, practice and patient perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):897.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01249-w","volume":"17","author":"M Wensing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wensing M, Sales A, Aarons GA, Xu D, Wilson P. Evidence for objects of implementation in healthcare: considerations for Implementation Science and Implementation Science Communications. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):83.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-139","volume":"8","author":"EK Proctor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proctor EK, Powell BJ, McMillen JC. Implementation strategies: recommendations for specifying and reporting. Implement Sci. 2013;8(1):139.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01582-1","volume":"18","author":"P Cocco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cocco P, Ayaz-Shah A, Messenger MP, West RM, Shinkins B. Target Product Profiles for medical tests: a systematic review of current methods. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):119.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1041_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.02.011","volume":"35","author":"CD Breder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breder CD, Du W, Tyndall A. What\u2019s the Regulatory Value of a Target Product Profile? Trends Biotechnol. 2017;35(7):576\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1041_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.289521","volume":"101","author":"SC Charnaud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charnaud SC, Moorthy V, Reeder J, Ross AL. WHO target product profiles to shape global research and development. Bull World Health Organ. 2023;101(5):326\u201330.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1041_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobin M, Ferreyra C, Piton J, Kelly-Cirino C, Katz Z, Kadam R. Development of a target product profile for a One Health antimicrobial resistance surveillance service. Oxf Open Digit Health; 2022;1.","DOI":"10.1093\/oodh\/oqac001"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-023-01286-z","volume":"18","author":"EK Proctor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Proctor EK, Bunger AC, Lengnick-Hall R, Gerke DR, Martin JK, Phillips RJ, Swanson JC. Ten years of implementation outcomes research: a scoping review. Implement Sci. 2023;18(1):31.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1041_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","volume":"38","author":"E Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, Griffey R, Hensley M. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011;38(2):65\u201376.","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-025-01450-7","volume":"20","author":"CM Reardon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reardon CM, Damschroder LJ, Ashcraft LE, Kerins C, Bachrach RL, Nevedal AL, Domlyn AM, Dodge J, Chinman M, Rogal S. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) User Guide: a five-step guide for conducting implementation research using the framework. Implement Sci. 2025;20(1):39.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","volume":"17","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, Widerquist MAO, Lowery J. The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based on user feedback. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):75.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1041_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman DG, Barbour V, Macdonald H, Johnston M. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"1041_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinnock H, Barwick M, Carpenter CR, Eldridge S, Grandes G, Griffiths CJ, Rycroft-Malone J, Meissner P, Murray E, Patel A. Standards for reporting implementation studies (StaRI) statement. BMJ. 2017;356.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6795"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0761-6","volume":"13","author":"CC Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Scott K, Marriott BR. A methodology for generating a tailored implementation blueprint: an exemplar from a youth residential setting. Implement Sci. 2018;13(1):68.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1041_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00158","volume":"7","author":"ME Fernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez ME, Ten Hoor GA, van Lieshout S, Rodriguez SA, Beidas RS, Parcel G, Ruiter RAC, Markham CM, Kok G. Implementation Mapping: Using Intervention Mapping to Develop Implementation Strategies. Front Public Health. 2019;7:158.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"1041_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28102","DOI":"10.2196\/28102","volume":"9","author":"I Gottgens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gottgens I, Oertelt-Prigione S. The Application of Human-Centered Design Approaches in Health Research and Innovation: A Narrative Review of Current Practices. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(12):e28102.","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"1041_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000652","volume":"75","author":"AR Lyon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lyon AR, Brewer SK, Arean PA. Leveraging human-centered design to implement modern psychological science: Return on an early investment. Am Psychol. 2020;75(8):1067\u201379.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.04.023","volume":"45","author":"P Carayon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carayon P, Wetterneck TB, Rivera-Rodriguez AJ, Hundt AS, Hoonakker P, Holden R, Gurses AP. Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety. Appl Ergon. 2014;45(1):14\u201325.","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"3","key":"1041_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2023-016042","volume":"33","author":"EG Liberati","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liberati EG, Martin GP, Lam\u00e9 G, Waring J, Tarrant C, Willars J, Dixon-Woods M. What can Safety Cases offer for patient safety? A multisite case study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2024;33(3):156\u201365.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"1041_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968251334396","volume":"19","author":"P Voorheis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Voorheis P, Wong JV, Lazarevic N, Imtiaz B, Bhuiya A, Steele Gray C. Using journey mapping and service blueprinting to design digital health behavior change innovations: A scoping review. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025;19(5):1196\u2013214.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-019-0898-y","volume":"14","author":"S Wiltsey Stirman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiltsey Stirman S, Baumann AA, Miller CJ. The FRAME: an expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions. Implement Sci. 2019;14(1):58.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01105-3","volume":"16","author":"CJ Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller CJ, Barnett ML, Baumann AA, Gutner CA, Wiltsey-Stirman S. The FRAME-IS: a framework for documenting modifications to implementation strategies in healthcare. Implement Sci. 2021;16(1):36.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1041_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n1679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1679","volume":"374","author":"G Moore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore G, Campbell M, Copeland L, Craig P, Movsisyan A, Hoddinott P, Littlecott H, O\u2019Cathain A, Pfadenhauer L, Rehfuess E, et al. Adapting interventions to new contexts\u2014the ADAPT guidance. BMJ. 2021;374:n1679.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1041_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4818-7","volume":"34","author":"M P\u00e9rez Jolles","year":"2019","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Jolles M, Lengnick-Hall R, Mittman BS. Core functions and forms of complex health interventions: a patient-centered medical home illustration. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(6):1032\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1041_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terrana A, Viglione C, Rhee K, Rabin B, Godino J, Aarons GA, Chapman J, Melendrez B, Holguin M, Osorio L, et al. The core functions and forms paradigm throughout EPIS: designing and implementing an evidence-based practice with function fidelity. Front Health Serv. 2024;3:2023.","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2023.1281690"},{"issue":"12","key":"1041_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35169","volume":"155","author":"M Moghul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moghul M, Tran A, Croft F, Kinsella N, Peckitt C, Cahill D, James ND. The Man Van: A pilot study of using mobile targeted case-finding to address health inequalities in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 2024;155(12):2246\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"1041_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae013","volume":"23","author":"H Eftekhari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eftekhari H. Transcribing in the digital age: qualitative research practice utilizing intelligent speech recognition technology. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2024;23(5):553\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"1041_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117","volume":"13","author":"NK Gale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:117.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05476-1","volume":"22","author":"A Ibnidris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ibnidris A, Liaskos N, Eldem E, Gunn A, Streffer J, Gold M, Rea M, Teipel S, Gardiol A, Boccardi M. Facilitating the use of the target product profile in academic research: a systematic review. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):693.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462321000374","volume":"37","author":"P Cocco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cocco P, Messenger MP, Smith AF, West RM, Shinkins B. Integrating Early Economic Evaluation into Target Product Profile development for medical tests: advantages and potential applications. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2021;37(1):e68.","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1041_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-023-01241-2","volume":"41","author":"T Snowsill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Snowsill T. Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Tests. PharmacoEconomics. 2023;41(4):339\u201351.","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1041_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-026-00855-9","volume":"7","author":"S Best","year":"2026","unstructured":"Best S, Price E, Cherednichenko B, Underhill C, Hilmy I, Fehlberg Z, Taylor N. What counts as a core intervention component? Developing the Core-FAST (Fidelity and Adaptation for Scaling up Tool) plug-in. Implement Sci Commun. 2026;7(1):36.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"key":"1041_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603178","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1603178","volume":"13","author":"K Warhurst","year":"2025","unstructured":"Warhurst K, Tyack Z, Beckmann M, Abell B. The use of implementation mapping in healthcare settings: a scoping review. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1603178.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1041_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghul M, Berry H, Millet F, Tran A, Mutch F, Westaway E, Croft F, Shea R, Kinsella N, Kierkegaard P. Evaluation of a point of care prostate-specific antigen blood test on a mobile outreach service. Ann Clin Biochem. 2025:00045632251398445.","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632251398445"},{"issue":"3","key":"1041_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-025-00637-4","volume":"10","author":"M Moghul","year":"2026","unstructured":"Moghul M, Yi D, Croft F, Mutch F, Westaway E, Kinsella N, Kierkegaard P, Cahill D, James ND. A Cost-Analysis and Micro-Costing Study of the Man Van Project: Comparing Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing Via a Nurse-Led Mobile Service with Primary Care: M. Moghul et al. PharmacoEconomics-Open. 2026;10(3):577\u201388.","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics-Open"},{"key":"1041_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-020-00020-w","volume":"1","author":"AR Dopp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dopp AR, Parisi KE, Munson SA, Lyon AR. Aligning implementation and user-centered design strategies to enhance the impact of health services: results from a concept mapping study. Implement Sci Commun. 2020;1:17.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"1041_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2716-4479","volume":"16","author":"AM Maw","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maw AM, Hoppe JA, Wagner NM, Mitchell J, Bean M, Trinkley KE. Pragmatic Integration of User-Centered Design and Implementation Science: A New Methodological Approach for Clinical Decision Support Implementation in EHRs. Appl Clin Inf. 2025;16(5):1531\u201340.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inf"},{"issue":"3","key":"1041_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37502","DOI":"10.2196\/37502","volume":"8","author":"J Austin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Austin J, Drossaert CH, van Dijk J, Sanderman R, B\u00f8r\u00f8sund E, Mirkovic J, Schotanus-Dijkstra M, Peeters NJ, Van\u2019t Klooster J-WJ, Schroevers MJ. Integrating top-down and bottom-up requirements in eHealth development: the case of a mobile self-compassion intervention for people with newly diagnosed cancer. JMIR cancer. 2022;8(3):e37502.","journal-title":"JMIR cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.2547","volume":"2","author":"L Van Velsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Velsen L, Wentzel J, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE. Designing eHealth that Matters via a Multidisciplinary Requirements Development Approach. JMIR Res Protoc. 2013;2(1):e21.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1041_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.838643","volume":"56","author":"RJ Holden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holden RJ, Carayon P, Gurses AP, Hoonakker P, Hundt AS, Ozok AA, Rivera-Rodriguez AJ. SEIPS 2.0: a human factors framework for studying and improving the work of healthcare professionals and patients. Ergonomics. 2013;56(11):1669\u201386.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"1041_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfh.2024.100075","volume":"5","author":"M Sujan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sujan M, Crumpton E, Finch V, Combes J. From vision to reality: how human factors can inform the design of cardiac diagnostic services in community settings. Hum Factors Healthc. 2024;5:100075.","journal-title":"Hum Factors Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1041_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-026-00901-6","volume":"7","author":"P Nilsen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nilsen P. Rethinking barriers and facilitators in implementation science: conceptual, methodological, and practical challenges, and ways forward. Implement Sci Commun. 2026;7(1):64.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1041_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23040465","volume":"23","author":"S ElKefi","year":"2026","unstructured":"ElKefi S, Scheinmann R, Matthews AK, Phillips E. Mobile Cancer Screening Programs: A Systematic Review of Implementation Challenges and Population Access. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2026;23(4):465.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1041_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.05.013","volume":"65","author":"EA Degife","year":"2023","unstructured":"Degife EA, Oliveira CR, Znamierowski E, Meyer JP, Sheth SS. Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Patients Using a Mobile Medical Clinic. Am J Prev Med. 2023;65(5):835\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1041_CR51","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral, NICE guideline, NG12. 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng12\/chapter\/recommendations-on-patient-support-safety-netting-and-the-diagnostic-process Accessed June 13 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR52","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. Safety netting: Guidance, tools and resources to support you with effectively safety netting of patients in practice. 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/health-professional\/diagnosis\/primary-care\/safety-netting Accessed June 14 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR53","unstructured":"British Medical Association. Acting upon electronic test results (updated 28 June 2024) 2024 [updated 28 June 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bma.org.uk\/advice-and-support\/nhs-delivery-and-workforce\/primary-and-secondary-care\/acting-upon-electronic-test-results Accessed January 20 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR54","unstructured":"Care Quality Commission. GP mythbuster 46: Managing test results and clinical correspondence 2024 [updated 3 September 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cqc.org.uk\/guidance-providers\/gps\/gp-mythbusters\/gp-mythbuster-46-managing-test-results-clinical-correspondence Accessed January 24 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR55","unstructured":"NHS England. Clinical messaging and test results 2025 [updated 26 March, 2025]. Version 1.2, 26 March 2025:[Available from: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/long-read\/clinical-messaging-and-test-results\/ Accessed January 23 2026."},{"issue":"753","key":"1041_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e222","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2024.0338","volume":"75","author":"H Nankervis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nankervis H, Huntley AL, Whiting P, Hamilton W, Singh H, Dawson S, O\u2019Donnell R, Sprackman J, Montague AF, Watson J. Communicating blood test results in primary care: a mixed-methods systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2025;75(753):e222\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1041_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim AWW, Deats K, Gambell J, Lawrence A, Lei J, Lyons M, North B, Parmar D, Patel H, Waller J, et al. Opportunistic offering of self-sampling to non-attenders within the English cervical screening programme: a pragmatic, multicentre, implementation feasibility trial with randomly allocated cluster intervention start dates (YouScreen). eClinicalMedicine. 2024;73.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4555189"},{"key":"1041_CR58","unstructured":"NHS England London, London Opportunistic NHS, Self-Sampling HPV. Professional Guidance. Version 1.6.: NHS England; 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/london\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2026\/06\/HPVSS-Professional-Guidance_PRIMARY-CARE_v1.6_02062026.pdf Accessed June 19 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR59","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care. The National Cancer Plan for England: delivering world class cancer care: GOV.UK; 2026 [updated Updated 20 April 2026]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/national-cancer-plan-for-england Accessed 12 June 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR60","unstructured":"NHS England Digital. Messaging best practice 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/services\/messaging-best-practice Accessed June 19 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR61","unstructured":"NHS England Digital. Texting, emailing and messaging patients and service users 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/transform.england.nhs.uk\/information-governance\/guidance\/texting-emailing-and-messaging-patients-and-service-users\/ Accessed January 27 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR62","unstructured":"UK National Screening Committee. Prostate cancer: UK NSC screening recommendation. 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk\/prostate-cancer\/ Accessed June 12 2026."},{"key":"1041_CR63","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care. Equality impact assessment: introduction of a targeted prostate cancer screening programme: GOV.UK; 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/prostate-cancer-screening-equality-impact-assessment\/equality-impact-assessment-introduction-of-a-targeted-prostate-cancer-screening-programme Accessed June 12 2026."}],"container-title":["Implementation Science Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:23:16Z","timestamp":1792056196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-026-01041-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9079458\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2662-2211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-2211","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Man Van project has ethical approval from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 6 (REC reference: 22\/WA\/0113; protocol number: CCR5573; IRAS project ID: 304320). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent before participation, including consent for audio-recording. The qualitative interviews reported here were used to develop and demonstrate the iTPP specification method and did not evaluate effectiveness or provide a recommendation for population screening. Participants consented to the use of de-identified quotations. No individually identifiable information is reported.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable; participants consented to the use of de-identified quotations, and no identifiable individual information is reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"199"}}