{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:56:14Z","timestamp":1772765774783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Infrastruct Preserv Resil"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The durability of cold-climate pavement is affected by ground frost heave and thaw settlement. Field monitoring of pavement elevation changes remain challenging and expansive. This study demonstrates space-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology as a potential way to monitor seasonal pavement elevation change in cold region. Traditional InSAR applications, which were designed for geoscience scales, do not achieve the needed sensitivity or spatial resolution for pavement engineering applications. The testbed used is a cold-region airport located in Qinghai Province, China. The site contains heterogeneous ground conditions in an area of 4km <jats:inline-formula>\n              <jats:alternatives>\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\times$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mo>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>\n                <\/mml:math>\n              <\/jats:alternatives>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula> 6km. Analyses were conducted using 132 ascending and 149 descending C-band InSAR images from the Sentinel-1 satellite. InSAR algorithm based on Persistent scatterers (PS-InSAR) were implemented for data analyses. Time series displacement across five distinct persistent scatterers (PSs) groups at different locations were obtained. From these, three main seasonal vertical ground deformation patterns were identified, each reflecting the diverse subsurface soil characteristics across the sites. The ground elevation changes were decomposed into baseline trend and seasonal changes. The results of seasonal ground deformations allowed to differentiate the ground soils as frost-susceptible and non-frost-susceptible, an important information for geotechnical site investigation. This helps identify areas of pavement subjected to frost heave and thaw weakening. The study demonstrates that potential of space-based InSAR technology to achieve spatial resolution and sensitivity for monitoring the performance of cold region pavement. The results allow to identify areas of pavement vulnerable to cold region climate and climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T07:45:05Z","timestamp":1737013505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Space-based long term condition monitoring of cold region pavement with PS-InSAR"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences10080293","volume":"10","author":"S Alatza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alatza S, Papoutsis I, Paradissis D, Kontoes C, Papadopoulos GA, Raptakis C (2020) Insar time-series analysis for monitoring ground displacement trends in the Western Hellenic arc: The Kythira Island. Greece Geosciences (Switzerland) 10(8):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences10080293","journal-title":"Greece Geosciences (Switzerland)"},{"key":"110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bayramov, E., Buchroithner, M., Kada, M., & Zhuniskenov, Y. (2021). Quantitative assessment of vertical and horizontal deformations derived by 3d and 2d decompositions of insar line\u2010of\u2010sight measurements to supplement industry surveillance programs in the tengiz oilfield (Kazakhstan). Remote Sensing, 13(13). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13132579","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132579"},{"issue":"October","key":"110_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2018.00177","volume":"6","author":"S Bianchini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bianchini S, Raspini F, Solari L, Del Soldato M, Ciampalini A, Rosi A, Casagli N (2018) From picture to movie: Twenty years of ground deformation recording over tuscany region (Italy) with satellite InSAR. Front Earth Sci 6(October):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00177","journal-title":"Front Earth Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020129","volume":"11","author":"JMD Blasco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blasco JMD, Foumelis M, Stewart C, Hooper A (2019) Measuring urban subsidence in the Rome Metropolitan Area (Italy) with Sentinel-1 SNAP-StaMPS Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. Remote Sensing 11(2):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11020129","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"10","key":"110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JF004618","volume":"123","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Liu L, Zhang T, Cao B, Lin H (2018) Using persistent scatterer interferometry to map and quantify permafrost thaw subsidence: a case study of Eboling Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 123(10):2663\u20132676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018JF004618","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Earth Surf"},{"key":"110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu T, Zou D, Liu L, Wu X, Gong W, Zhu X, Li R, Hao J, Hu G, Pang Q. (2022). Magnitudes and patterns of large-scale permafrost ground deformation revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing of Environment, 268(October 2021), 112778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112778"},{"key":"110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu Y, O'Connor M, Cardenas MB, Schaefer K, Michaelides R, Kling G. (2020). Active layer freeze-thaw and water storage dynamics in permafrost environments inferred from InSAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 248(September 2019), 112007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112007"},{"key":"110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chendeb El Rai, M., & Simonetto, E. (2009). PS-InSAR experiments for the analysis of urban ground deformation using StaMPS. Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XV, 7477(September 2009), 74771J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.830077","DOI":"10.1117\/12.830077"},{"key":"110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.011","volume":"115","author":"M Crosetto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crosetto M, Monserrat O, Cuevas-Gonz\u00e1lez M, Devanth\u00e9ry N, Crippa B (2016) Persistent Scatterer Interferometry: A review. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 115:78\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.011","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"issue":"18","key":"110_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186251","volume":"21","author":"Q Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng Q, Liu X, Zeng C, He X, Chen F, Zhang S (2021) A freezing-thawing damage characterization method for highway subgrade in seasonally frozen regions based on thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model. Sensors 21(18):6251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21186251","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"7","key":"110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-021-01637-1","volume":"18","author":"S Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong S, Jiang Y, Yu X (2021) Analyses of the impacts of climate change and forest fire on cold region slopes stability by random finite element method. Landslides 18(7):2531\u20132545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10346-021-01637-1","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Even, M., & Schulz, K. (2018). InSAR deformation analysis with distributed scatterers: A review complemented by new advances. Remote Sensing, 10(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10050744","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10050744"},{"issue":"22","key":"110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222670","volume":"11","author":"K F\u00e1rov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"F\u00e1rov\u00e1 K, Jel\u00e9nek J, Kopa\u010dkov\u00e1-Strnadov\u00e1 V, Kycl P (2019) Comparing DInSAR and PSI techniques employed to Sentinel-1 data to monitor highway stability: A case study of a massive Dobkovi\u010dky landslide. Czech Republic Remote Sensing 11(22):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11222670","journal-title":"Czech Republic Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"12","key":"110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL082187","volume":"46","author":"LM Farquharson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farquharson LM, Romanovsky VE, Cable WL, Walker DA, Kokelj SV, Nicolsky D (2019) Climate change drives widespread and rapid thermokarst development in very cold permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic. Geophys Res Lett 46(12):6681\u20136689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019GL082187","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33128-0","volume":"8","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fernandez J, Prieto JF, Escayo J, Camacho AG, Luz\u00f3n F, Tiampo KF, Palano M, Abajo T, P\u00e9rez E, Velasco J, Herrero T, Bru G, Molina I, L\u00f3pez J, Rodr\u00edguez-Velasco G, G\u00f3mez I, Mallorqu\u00ed JJ (2018) Modeling the two- and three-dimensional displacement field in Lorca, Spain, subsidence and the global implications. Sci Rep 8(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-33128-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F. (2000). Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38(5 I), 2202\u20132212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/36.868878","DOI":"10.1109\/36.868878"},{"key":"110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fuhrmann, T., & Garthwaite, M. C. (2019). Resolving three-dimensional surface motion with InSAR: Constraints from multi-geometry data fusion. Remote Sensing, 11(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11030241","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030241"},{"issue":"5","key":"110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL046484","volume":"38","author":"L Gray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gray L (2011) Using multiple RADARSAT InSAR pairs to estimate a full three-dimensional solution for glacial ice movement. Geophys Res Lett 38(5):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2010GL046484","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo, S., Zuo, X., Wu, W., Li, F., Li, Y., Yang, X., Zhu, S., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Ground Deformation in Yuxi Basin Based on Atmosphere-Corrected Time-Series InSAR Integrated with the Latest Meteorological Reanalysis Data. Remote Sensing, 14(22). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14225638","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225638"},{"key":"110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harris, C., Arenson, L. U., Christiansen, H. H., Etzelm\u00fcller, B., Frauenfelder, R., Gruber, S., Haeberli, W., Hauck, C., H\u00f6lzle, M., Humlum, O., Isaksen, K., K\u00e4\u00e4b, A., Kern-L\u00fctschg, M. A., Lehning, M., Matsuoka, N., Murton, J. B., N\u00f6tzli, J., Phillips, M., Ross, N., \u2026 Vonder M\u00fchll, D. (2009). Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses. Earth-Science Reviews, 92(3\u20134), 117\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2008.12.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2008.12.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-023-05870-w","volume":"117","author":"KO Hastaoglu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hastaoglu KO, Poyraz F, Erdogan H, Tiryakioglu I, Ozkaymak C, Duman H, G\u00fcl Y, Guler S, Dogan A, Gul Y (2023) Determination of periodic deformation from InSAR results using the FFT time series analysis method in Gediz Graben. Nat Hazards 117(1):491\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-023-05870-w","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2011.10.013","volume":"514\u2013517","author":"A Hooper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hooper A, Bekaert D, Spaans K, Arikan M (2012) Recent advances in SAR interferometry time series analysis for measuring crustal deformation. Tectonophysics 514\u2013517:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tecto.2011.10.013","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"issue":"July","key":"110_CR23","first-page":"124","volume":"112","author":"AJ Hooper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hooper AJ, Segall P, Zebker H (2007) Persistent scatter radar interferometry for crustal deformation studies and modeling of volcanic deformation. J Geophisic Res Solid Earth 112(July):124","journal-title":"J Geophisic Res Solid Earth"},{"issue":"23","key":"110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021737","volume":"31","author":"A Hooper","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hooper A, Zebker H, Segall P, Kampes B (2004) A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers. Geophys Res Lett 31(23):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004GL021737","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"110_CR25","unstructured":"H\u00f6ser, T. (2018). Analysing the Capabilities and Limitations of InSAR using Sentinel-1 data for Landslide Detection and Monitoring. University of Bonn, July, 104. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Thorsten_Hoeser\/publication\/327939547_Analysing_the_Capabilities_and_Limitations_of_InSAR_using_Sentinel-1_Data_for_Landslide_Detection_and_Monitoring\/links\/5bae2c1e299bf13e60525c1c\/Analysing-the-Capabilities-and-Limit"},{"key":"110_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2014.02.005","volume":"133","author":"J Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu J, Li ZW, Ding XL, Zhu JJ, Zhang L, Sun Q (2014) Resolving three-dimensional surface displacements from InSAR measurements: A review. Earth Sci Rev 133:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2014.02.005","journal-title":"Earth Sci Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40534-016-0108-4","volume":"24","author":"H Jia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jia H, Liu L (2016) A technical review on persistent scatterer interferometry. J Modern Transport 24(2):153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40534-016-0108-4","journal-title":"J Modern Transport"},{"key":"110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, H., Pan, Y., Liu, X., & Liu, T. (2022). High precision deformation monitoring with integrated GNSS and ground range observations in harsh environment. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 204(July), 112179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.112179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.112179"},{"key":"110_CR29","first-page":"156","volume":"2023","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Ullah S, Fan X, Zapata CE, Yu X (2023) Analyses of Frost Susceptible Flexible Pavement Adaption for Climate Change. Geo-Risk 2023:156\u2013165","journal-title":"Geo-Risk"},{"key":"110_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., & Yu, X. (Bill). (2023). Holistic multiphysics simulation of the climatic responses of cold region pavements. Ournal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3165557\/v1"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005667424292","volume":"48","author":"MT Jorgenson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jorgenson MT, Racine CH, Walters JC, Osterkamp TE (2001) Permafrost degradation and ecological changes associated with a warming climate in central Alaska. Clim Change 48(4):551\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005667424292","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1139\/t94-028","volume":"31","author":"JM Konrad","year":"1994","unstructured":"Konrad JM (1994) Sixteenth Canadian geotechnical colloquium: frost heave in soils: concepts and engineering. Can Geotech J 31(2):223\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/t94-028","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"key":"110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2021.102527","volume":"104","author":"R Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li R, Li Z, Han J, Lu P, Qiao G, Meng X, Hao T, Zhou F (2021) Monitoring surface deformation of permafrost in Wudaoliang Region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with ENVISAT ASAR data. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 104:102527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2021.102527","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geog.2021.09.007","volume":"13","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Xu W, Li Z (2022) Review of the SBAS InSAR Time-series algorithms, applications, and challenges. Geodesy Geodynamics 13(2):114\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geog.2021.09.007","journal-title":"Geodesy Geodynamics"},{"issue":"40","key":"110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24633","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ra02151h","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu J, Cen G, Chen Y (2017) Study on frost heaving characteristics of gravel soil pavement structures of airports in Alpine regions. RSC Adv 7(40):24633\u201324642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7ra02151h","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JF001547","volume":"115","author":"L Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu L, Zhang T, Wahr J (2010) InSAR measurements of surface deformation over permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 115(3):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2009JF001547","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Earth Surf"},{"key":"110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Long, X., Cen, G., Cai, L., & Chen, Y. (2018a). Experimental Research on Frost Heave Characteristics of Gravel Soil and Multifactor Regression Prediction. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5682619","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5682619"},{"key":"110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.100","volume":"188","author":"X Long","year":"2018","unstructured":"Long X, Cen G, Cai L, Chen Y (2018) Model experiment of uneven frost heave of airport pavement structure on coarse-grained soils foundation. Constr Build Mater 188:372\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.100","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2019.1698480","volume":"43","author":"P Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu P, Han J, Hao T, Li R, Qiao G (2020) Seasonal Deformation of Permafrost in Wudaoliang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Revealed by StaMPS-InSAR. Mar Geodesy 43(3):248\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01490419.2019.1698480","journal-title":"Mar Geodesy"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040753","volume":"13","author":"F Mancini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mancini F, Grassi F, Cenni N (2021) A workflow based on snap\u2013stamps open-source tools and gnss data for psi-based ground deformation using dual-orbit sentinel-1 data: Accuracy assessment with error propagation analysis. Remote Sensing 13(4):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13040753","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"110_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5194\/piahs-382-155-2020","volume":"382","author":"T Oliver-Cabrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oliver-Cabrera T, Wdowinski S, Kruse S, Robinson T (2020) InSAR detection of localized subsidence induced by sinkhole activity in suburban west-central Florida. Proc Int Assoc Hydrological Sci 382:155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/piahs-382-155-2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Assoc Hydrological Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"110_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1139\/t11-045","volume":"48","author":"JM Oswell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oswell JM (2011) Pipelines in permafrost: Geotechnical issues and lessons. Can Geotech J 48(9):1412\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/t11-045","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1444-5","volume":"75","author":"H Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng H, Ma W, Mu YH, Jin L, Yuan K (2015) Degradation characteristics of permafrost under the effect of climate warming and engineering disturbance along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Natural Hazards 75(3):2589\u20132605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-014-1444-5","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"6","key":"110_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061217","volume":"13","author":"M Philipp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Philipp M, Dietz A, Buchelt S, Kuenzer C (2021) Trends in satellite earth observation for permafrost related analyses-a review. Remote Sensing 13(6):1\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13061217","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"110_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramirez, R. A., Lee, G. J., Choi, S. K., Kwon, T. H., Kim, Y. C., Ryu, H. H., Kim, S., Bae, B., & Hyun, C. (2022). Monitoring of construction-induced urban ground deformations using Sentinel-1 PS-InSAR: The case study of tunneling in Dangjin, Korea. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 108(June 2021), 102721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2022.102721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2022.102721"},{"issue":"5","key":"110_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-14-1633-2020","volume":"14","author":"E Reinosch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reinosch E, Buckel J, Dong J, Gerke M, Baade J, Riedel B (2020) InSAR time series analysis of seasonal surface displacement dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau. Cryosphere 14(5):1633\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-14-1633-2020","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"110_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rouyet L, Lauknes TR, Christiansen HH, Strand SM, Larsen Y. (2019). Seasonal dynamics of a permafrost landscape, Adventdalen, Svalbard, investigated by InSAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 231(October 2018), 111236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111236"},{"key":"110_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rouyet L, Liu L, Strand SM, Christiansen HH, Lauknes TR, Larsen Y. (2021). Seasonal insar displacements documenting the active layer freeze and thaw progression in central-western spitsbergen, svalbard. Remote Sensing, 13(15). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13152978","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13152978"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5589\/m08-018","volume":"34","author":"RP Rykhus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rykhus RP, Lu Z (2008) InSAR detects possible thaw settlement in the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. Can J Remote Sens 34(2):100\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5589\/m08-018","journal-title":"Can J Remote Sens"},{"key":"110_CR50","unstructured":"Samieie-Esfahany, S., Hanssen, R. F., Thienen-visser, K. Van, Muntendam-bos, A., Samiei-Esfahany, S., Hanssen, R. F., Thienen-visser, K. Van, & Muntendam-bos, A. (2010). On the effect of horizontal deformation on InSAR subsidence estimates. Proceedings of Fringe 2009 Workshop, 2009(March), 1\u20137. https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/workshops\/fringe09\/proceedings\/papers\/s12_3esfa.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"110_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9600","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6109600","volume":"6","author":"M Scaioni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scaioni M, Longoni L, Melillo V, Papini M (2014) Remote sensing for landslide investigations: An overview of recent achievements and perspectives. Remote Sensing 6(10):9600\u20139652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs6109600","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"110_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shan W, Zhang C, Guo Y, Shan M, Zeng Xujing, Wang C. (2021). Climate Change and Surface Deformation Characteristics in Degradation Area of Permafrost in Lesser Khingan Mountain, China (Vol. 5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-60319-9_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60319-9_15"},{"key":"110_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.10.016","volume":"141","author":"N Short","year":"2014","unstructured":"Short N, LeBlanc AM, Sladen W, Oldenborger G, Mathon-Dufour V, Brisco B (2014) RADARSAT-2 D-InSAR for ground displacement in permafrost terrain, validation from Iqaluit Airport, Baffin Island, Canada. Remote Sens Environ 141:40\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2013.10.016","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"110_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soil\u00e1n M, S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez A, Del R\u00edo-Barral P, Perez-Collazo C, Arias P, Riveiro B. (2019). Review of laser scanning technologies and their applications for road and railway infrastructure monitoring. Infrastructures, 4(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/infrastructures4040058","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures4040058"},{"issue":"10","key":"110_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL097334","volume":"49","author":"Z Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Z, Zhao L, Hu G, Zhou H, Liu S, Qiao Y, Du E, Zou D, Xie C (2022) Numerical Simulation of Thaw Settlement and Permafrost Changes at Three Sites Along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor in a Warming Climate. Geophys Res Lett 49(10):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021GL097334","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"110_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Talib OC, Shimon W, Sarah K, Tonian R. (2022). Detection of sinkhole activity in West-Central Florida using InSAR time series observations. Remote Sensing of Environment, 269(April 2021):112793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112793"},{"key":"110_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teo TA, Fu YJ, Li KW, Weng MC, Yang CM. (2023). Comparison between image- and surface-derived displacement fields for landslide monitoring using an unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 116(August 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2022.103164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2022.103164"},{"issue":"3","key":"110_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5031045","volume":"5","author":"V Tofani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tofani V, Raspini F, Catani F, Casagli N (2013) Persistent scatterer interferometry (psi) technique for landslide characterization and monitoring. Remote Sensing 5(3):1045\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs5031045","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.7780\/kjrs.2020.36.4.3","volume":"36","author":"SKP Vadivel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vadivel SKP, Kim DJ, Kim YC (2020) Time-series InSAR analysis and post-processing using ISCE-StaMPS package for measuring bridge displacements. Korean J Remote Sensing 36(4):527\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7780\/kjrs.2020.36.4.3","journal-title":"Korean J Remote Sensing"},{"key":"110_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Tang Y, Duan W, Dong L. (2021). Freeze-thaw deformation cycles and temporal-spatial distribution of permafrost along the qinghai-tibet railway using multitrack InSAR processing. Remote Sensing, 13(23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13234744","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234744"},{"issue":"July","key":"110_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111965","volume":"248","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Marzahn P, Bernier M, Ludwig R (2020) Sentinel-1 InSAR measurements of deformation over discontinuous permafrost terrain, Northern Quebec. Canada Remote Sensing of Environment 248(July):111965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111965","journal-title":"Canada Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"110_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhao L, Zhou H, Liu S, Du E, Zou D, Liu G, Wang C, Li Y. (2022). Permafrost Ground Ice Melting and Deformation Time Series Revealed by Sentinel\u20101 InSAR in the Tanggula Mountain Region on the Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing, 14(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14040811","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040811"},{"issue":"5","key":"110_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcar.2022.12.001","volume":"14","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Jia H, Sun Q, Li G (2022) Effect of the frozen layer on the stability of cut soil slopes during seasonal freezing and thawing. Res Cold Arid Regions 14(5):281\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcar.2022.12.001","journal-title":"Res Cold Arid Regions"},{"key":"110_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1109\/igarss.1999.774995","volume":"4","author":"Z Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li S (1999) Detection of winter frost heaving of the active layer of arctic permafrost using SAR differential interferograms. Int Geoscience Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 4:1946\u20131948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/igarss.1999.774995","journal-title":"Int Geoscience Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)"},{"key":"110_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Witkowski WT, Hejmanowski R. (2021). Vertical and Horizontal Displacements Analysis for Mining Deformation Modeling. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2021-July, 6610\u20136613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553081","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553081"},{"issue":"6","key":"110_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1080\/07038992.2014.1012836","volume":"40","author":"SA Wolfe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolfe SA, Short NH, Morse PD, Schwarz SH, Stevens CW (2014) Evaluation of RADARSAT-2 DInSAR seasonal surface displacement in discontinuous permafrost terrain, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Canada. Canadian J Remote Sensing 40(6):406\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07038992.2014.1012836","journal-title":"Canadian J Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"June","key":"110_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111976","volume":"248","author":"S Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu S, Yang Z, Ding X, Zhang B, Zhang L, Lu Z (2020) Two decades of settlement of Hong Kong International Airport measured with multi-temporal InSAR. Remote Sens Environ 248(June):111976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111976","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"110_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040546","volume":"13","author":"S Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong S, Wang C, Qin X, Zhang B, Li Q (2021) Time-series analysis on persistent scatter-interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) derived displacements of the Hong Kong\u2013Zhuhai\u2013Macao bridge (HZMB) from sentinel-1A observations. Remote Sensing 13(4):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13040546","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"110_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, B., Xu, H., Liu, W., Ge, J., Li, C., & Li, J. (2019). An improved Stanford method for persistent scatterers applied to 3D building reconstruction and monitoring. Remote Sensing, 11(15). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11151807","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151807"},{"key":"110_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang S, Si J, Niu Y, Zhu W, Fan Q, Hu X, Zhang C, An P, Ren Z, Li Z. (2022). Surface Deformation of Expansive Soil at Ankang Airport, China, Revealed by InSAR Observations. Remote Sensing, 14(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14092217","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092217"},{"issue":"2","key":"110_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrmge.2021.07.015","volume":"14","author":"M Zhelnin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhelnin M, Kostina A, Prokhorov A, Plekhov O, Semin M, Levin L (2022) Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of frost heave and water migration during artificial freezing of soils for mineshaft sinking. J Rock Mechanics Geotechnical Eng 14(2):537\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrmge.2021.07.015","journal-title":"J Rock Mechanics Geotechnical Eng"},{"key":"110_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhuo G, Dai K, Huang H, Li S, Shi X, Feng Y, Li T, Dong X, Deng J. (2020). Evaluating potential ground subsidence geo-hazard of Xiamen Xiang\u2019an new airport on reclaimed land by SAR interferometry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12176991","DOI":"10.3390\/su12176991"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1737013511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jipr.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43065-024-00110-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-2521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-2521","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}