{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:12:33Z","timestamp":1788441153179,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFC2310700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2310700"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development","award":["U19A2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19A2003"]}]},{"name":"1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence from West China Hospital of Sichuan University","award":["ZYGD23038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGD23038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biomed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Despite the declared end of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising the efficacy of current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding the full-length spike protein of JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations and encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA vaccine elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, and increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and T cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up to six months and induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared the immune responses induced by homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens, and our results demonstrated that the heterologous regimen\u2014combining JN.1-mRNA with a recombinant protein vaccine (RBD<jats:sub>JN.1<\/jats:sub>-HR)\u2014induced stronger responses. These findings highlight the JN.1-mRNA vaccine constitutes an effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody responses across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected to significantly reduce hospitalization rates and mitigate post-COVID complications associated with JN.1 and KP.3 infections. This study emphasizes the need for timely vaccine updates and the adaptability of mRNA vaccines in addressing emerging pathogens, providing a framework for combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these results offer critical insights for vaccine design and public health strategies in response to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T08:00:16Z","timestamp":1741075216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A promising mRNA vaccine derived from the JN.1 spike protein confers protective immunity against multiple emerged Omicron variants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Danyi","family":"Ao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiya","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiawei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2024.2369378","volume":"118","author":"R Eshraghi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eshraghi R, Bahrami A, Karimi Houyeh M, Nasr Azadani M. JN.1 and the ongoing battle: unpacking the characteristics of a new dominant COVID-19 variant. Pathog Glob Health. 2024;118(6):453\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20477724.2024.2369378.","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46490-7","volume":"15","author":"D Planas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Planas D, Staropoli I, Michel V, Lemoine F, Donati F, Prot M, et al. Distinct evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86\/JN.1 lineages combining increased fitness and antibody evasion. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):2254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-46490-7.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(23)00744-2","volume":"24","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang S, Yu Y, Xu Y, Jian F, Song W, Yisimayi A, et al. Fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 to JN.1 under heavy immune pressure. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(2):e70\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(23)00744-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2023-0088","volume":"45","author":"P Kamble","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamble P, Daulatabad V, Singhal A, Ahmed ZS, Choubey A, Bhargava S, et al. JN.1 variant in enduring COVID-19 pandemic: is it a variety of interest (VoI) or variety of concern (VoC)? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2024;45(2):49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hmbci-2023-0088.","journal-title":"Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-024-01183-5","volume":"48","author":"I Idris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Idris I, Adesola RO. Emergence and spread of JN.1 COVID-19 variant. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2024;48(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-024-01183-5.","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent."},{"key":"258_CR6","unstructured":"WHO. Statement on the antigen composition of COVID-19 vaccines. 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/26-04-2024-statement-on-the-antigen-composition-of-covid-19-vaccines. Accessed April 26, 2024."},{"key":"258_CR7","unstructured":"FDA. Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-roundup-june-7-2024. Accessed 7 June 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"258_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.02.016","volume":"30","author":"GT Szab\u00f3","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 GT, Mahiny AJ, Vlatkovic I. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments. Mol Ther. 2022;30(5):1850\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.02.016.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"258_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.01.008","volume":"65","author":"N Pardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Weissman D. Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020;65:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coi.2020.01.008.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.004","volume":"178","author":"F Bayani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bayani F, Hashkavaei NS, Arjmand S, Rezaei S, Uskokovi\u0107 V, Alijanianzadeh M, et al. An overview of the vaccine platforms to combat COVID-19 with a focus on the subunit vaccines. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2023;178:32\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.004.","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"258_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.06.025","volume":"360","author":"P Zamani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zamani P, Mashreghi M, Rezazade Bazaz M, Zargari S, Alizadeh F, Dorrigiv M, et al. Characterization of stability, safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine Iribovax\u00ae against COVID-19 in nonhuman primates. J Control Release. 2023;360:316\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.06.025.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-021-00291-9","volume":"15","author":"P Anand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anand P, Stahel VP. The safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review. Patient Saf Surg. 2021;15(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13037-021-00291-9.","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"258_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu S, Yang K, Li R, Zhang L. mRNA Vaccine Era\u2014Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6582.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186582.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186582"},{"key":"258_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li M, Liu M, Song S, Zhao R, Xie Y, Liu J et al. Influenza a Neuraminidase-Based Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Induces Th1-Type Immune Response and Provides Protective Effects in Mice. Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines12030300.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12030300"},{"issue":"7830","key":"258_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2814-7","volume":"586","author":"U Sahin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahin U, Muik A, Derhovanessian E, Vogler I, Kranz LM, Vormehr M, et al. COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses. Nature. 2020;586(7830):594\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2814-7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"258_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.848582","volume":"13","author":"D Primorac","year":"2022","unstructured":"Primorac D, Vrdoljak K, Brlek P, Paveli\u0107 E, Molnar V, Mati\u0161i\u0107 V, et al. Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 848582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.848582.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"258_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.22269","volume":"9","author":"T Schlake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlake T, Thess A, Fotin-Mleczek M, Kallen K-J. Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies. RNA Biol. 2012;9(11):1319\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/rna.22269.","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"258_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cagigi A, Lor\u00e9 K. Immune Responses Induced by mRNA Vaccination in Mice, Monkeys and Humans. Vaccines. 2021;9(1):61.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9010061.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010061"},{"issue":"9","key":"258_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.001","volume":"54","author":"MM Painter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Painter MM, Mathew D, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, et al. Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Immunity. 2021;54(9):2133\u201342.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.001.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"258_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406138","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1406138","volume":"15","author":"Y Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song Y, Wang J, Yang Z, He Q, Bao C, Xie Y, et al. Heterologous booster vaccination enhances antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 by improving Tfh function and increasing B-cell clonotype SHM frequency. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1406138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1406138.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02631","volume":"10","author":"B Agrawal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agrawal B. Heterologous Immunity: Role in Natural and Vaccine-Induced Resistance to Infections. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02631.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orlandi C, Stefanetti G, Barocci S, Buffi G, Diotallevi A, Rocchi E et al. Comparing Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study of Antibody Decay. Viruses. 2023;15(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15051162.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051162"},{"issue":"6584","key":"258_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048-+","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn8863","volume":"375","author":"WC Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin WC, Xu YW, Xu PY, Cao XD, Wu CR, Gu CY, et al. Structures of the Omicron spike trimer with ACE2 and an anti-Omicron antibody. Science. 2022;375(6584):1048-+. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abn8863.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00324-5","volume":"6","author":"KV Kalnin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalnin KV, Plitnik T, Kishko M, Zhang J, Zhang D, Beauvais A, et al. Immunogenicity and efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine MRT5500 in preclinical animal models. NPJ Vaccines. 2021;6(1):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-021-00324-5.","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"258_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101819-025146","volume":"39","author":"X Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin X, Chen S, Eisenbarth SC. Dendritic Cell Regulation of T Helper Cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2021;39:759\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101819-025146.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"258_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-00991-0","volume":"24","author":"DR Fooksman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fooksman DR, Jing Z, Park R. New insights into the ontogeny, diversity, maturation and survival of long-lived plasma cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24(7):461\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-024-00991-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101721-061120","volume":"41","author":"A Sette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sette A, Sidney J, Crotty S. T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2. Annu Rev Immunol. 2023;41:343\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101721-061120.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079668","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1079668","volume":"13","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Xiang X, Nie L, Guo X, Zhang F, Wen C, et al. The emerging role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and its implications for therapy. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1079668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1079668.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053245","volume":"36","author":"EE West","year":"2018","unstructured":"West EE, Kolev M, Kemper C. Complement and the Regulation of T Cell Responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018;36:309\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053245.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"258_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p2975","volume":"383","author":"MK Looi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Looi MK. Covid-19: WHO adds JN.1 as new variant of interest. Bmj. 2023;383:2975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.p2975.","journal-title":"Bmj."},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.01.014","volume":"32","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Q, Guo Y, Bowen A, Mellis IA, Valdez R, Gherasim C, et al. XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine booster elicits robust neutralizing antibodies against XBB subvariants and JN.1. Cell Host Microbe. 2024;32(3):315\u201321.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2024.01.014.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01311-z","volume":"20","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang Z, Luo J, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. mRNA vaccine: a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Cancer. 2021;20(1):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-021-01311-z.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.017","volume":"57","author":"K Srivastava","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srivastava K, Carre\u00f1o JM, Gleason C, Monahan B, Singh G, Abbad A, et al. SARS-CoV-2-infection- and vaccine-induced antibody responses are long lasting with an initial waning phase followed by a stabilization phase. Immunity. 2024;57(3):587\u201399.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.017.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"258_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01404-4","volume":"18","author":"X Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han X, Alameh M-G, Butowska K, Knox JJ, Lundgreen K, Ghattas M, et al. Adjuvant lipidoid-substituted lipid nanoparticles augment the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Nat Nanotechnol. 2023;18(9):1105\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41565-023-01404-4.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21037-2","volume":"12","author":"Q Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Q, Ji K, Tian S, Wang F, Huang B, Tong Z, et al. A single-dose mRNA vaccine provides a long-term protection for hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21037-2.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"258_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.01.001","volume":"170","author":"J Pollet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pollet J, Chen WH, Strych U. Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;170:71\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2021.01.001.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30340-5","volume":"13","author":"F Zuo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuo F, Abolhassani H, Du L, Piralla A, Bertoglio F, de Campos-Mata L, et al. Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-30340-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7844","key":"258_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03108-4","volume":"590","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Wang W, Chen Z, Lu S, Yang F, Bi Z, et al. Publisher Correction: A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity. Nature. 2021;590(7844):E23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-03108-4.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01495-4","volume":"8","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J, Hong W, Lei H, He C, Lei W, Zhou Y, et al. Low levels of neutralizing antibodies against XBB Omicron subvariants after BA.5 infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01495-4.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00260-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000}}],"container-title":["Molecular Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:13:45Z","timestamp":1742195625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00258-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00260-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00260-z","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal studies followed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Sichuan University (Chengdu, Sichuan, China) with approval numbers at 20240307011.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This manuscript has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication in any other journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the WestVac Biopharma Co. Ltd. Yuquan Wei and Xiawei Wei, who are also working at the WestVac Biopharma Co. Ltd. Yuquan Wei is the Editors-in-Chief of Molecular Biomedicine, and he has not been involved in the process of the manuscript handling. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}