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Recurrent acidic bile reflux promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical event driving malignant progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) as a novel regulator of EMT in BE, mediating its effects through the UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Notch1 signaling axis and autophagy modulation. Using BAR-T and CP-C cell models, we demonstrate that SNHG1 expression is elevated following acidic bile salt exposure, enhancing EMT characteristics by promoting the phosphorylation of ULK1 and activating Notch1 signaling. Pharmacological interventions targeting autophagy (Rapamycin) and Notch signaling (DAPT) further confirmed that SNHG1\u2019s effects on EMT are mediated via modulation of the autophagy-Notch1 interplay. We further validated our results in vivo using the previously described IL1\u03b2-induced Lgr5-CreERT2; p16<jats:sup>flox\/flox<\/jats:sup>\/Kras<jats:sup>G12D<\/jats:sup> mouse model, which reliably reproduces the histological progression of Barrett\u2019s-like dysplasia in the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), confirming SNHG1\u2019s critical role in regulating EMT and BE progression. Additionally,\u00a0SNHG1 expression was significantly elevated in patients who progressed to low- or high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by diagnostic endoscopic biopsies. Collectively, our study uncovers SNHG1 as a central molecular mediator linking acidic bile-induced EMT and autophagy regulation via the ULK1-Notch1 axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing BE recurrence and progression to EAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00285-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:37:16Z","timestamp":1752136636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett\u2019s esophagus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenke","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.08.053","volume":"129","author":"J Ronkainen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E, et al. 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This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Approval number: No.20220107005 (animal)). All animal experiments were in accordance with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals established by the United States National Institutes of Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"49"}}