{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:27:47Z","timestamp":1789518467743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014849","name":"Conselleria de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIGRIS\/2022\/172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIGRIS\/2022\/172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014849","name":"Conselleria de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIGE\/2024\/59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIGE\/2024\/59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014849","name":"Conselleria de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIPROM\/2022\/32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIPROM\/2022\/32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI23\/00070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI23\/00070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/00424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP24\/00098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP24\/00098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/01010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/01010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/01841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/01841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/00739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/00739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/00219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/00219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Biomed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes and is closely linked to systemic inflammation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are markers of systemic inflammatory and metabolic stress. It is unknown if metabolism-related transcriptomic alterations in these cells is associated with DKD. Using the nCounter\u00ae Human Metabolic Pathways Panel we profiled PBMC metabolic transcripts in individuals with type 2 diabetes or DKD and in controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912\/group), and integrated transcriptomic data with clinical, inflammatory, and mitochondrial parameters. Patients with DKD showed increased inflammatory biomarkers and reduced PBMC mitochondrial membrane potential and mass, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolism-related transcriptomic profiling identified 13 differentially expressed genes across groups. DKD subjects displayed downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>SLC7A11<\/jats:italic>\n                    versus controls and\n                    <jats:italic>HLA-DQA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    versus type 2 diabetes, and upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>CPT1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GBA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    versus controls.\n                    <jats:italic>CPT1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    upregulation was confirmed by RT-qPCR and supported by external GEO datasets, though ROC analyses indicated a limited discriminatory performance. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of immune-related, fatty acid oxidation, and fructose-6-phosphate pathways and reduced cell proliferation pathways in DKD patients. Inflammatory markers correlated positively with energy-regulating pathways and negatively with anabolic processes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PBMCs reflect immunometabolic remodeling in response to DKD, thus highlighting an association between systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered energy metabolism in circulating immune cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T23:01:26Z","timestamp":1786143686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct immunometabolic signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are linked to systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1704-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Luna-Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Catal\u00e0-Senent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6948-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Cacace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5760-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Hermo-Argibay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0289-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar A.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2141-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Pelech\u00e1-Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3458-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonay","family":"Pantoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Morillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Ba\u00f1uls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2923-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milagros","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"V\u00edctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Rovira-Llopis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"523_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefro.2018.04.004","volume":"38","author":"M Gorostidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gorostidi M, S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez M, Ruilope LM, Graciani A, de la Cruz JJ, Santamar\u00eda R, et al. Chronic kidney disease in Spain: Prevalence and impact of accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors. Nefrologia. 2018;38(6):606\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefro.2018.04.004.","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arteri.2022.07.002","volume":"35","author":"A Ruiz-Garcia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruiz-Garcia A, Arranz-Mart\u00ednez E, Iturmendi-Mart\u00ednez N, Fern\u00e1ndez-Vicente T, Rivera-Teijido M, Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez JC. Prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiometabolic factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-CKD study Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2023;35(2):64\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arteri.2022.07.002.","journal-title":"SIMETAP-CKD study Clin Investig Arterioscler"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.173","volume":"12","author":"MC Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Zimmet P. Changing epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12(2):73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2015.173.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"523_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024. Diabetes Care. 2023;47(Supplement_1):S219\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S011","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S011"},{"issue":"9854","key":"523_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61350-6","volume":"380","author":"CS Fox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fox CS, Matsushita K, Woodward M, Bilo HJG, Chalmers J, Heerspink HJL, et al. Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012;380(9854):1662\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61350-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","volume":"102","author":"P Rossing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rossing P, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, Heerspink HJL, Hurst C, Khunti K, et al. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5):S1-127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"523_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112292","volume":"226","author":"ZA Wani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wani ZA, Ahmed S, Saleh A, Anna VR, Fahelelbom KM, Raju SK, et al. Biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy: a comprehensive review of their role in early detection and disease progression monitoring. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025;226:112292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112292.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"523_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","volume":"20","author":"CAJ Janeway","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janeway CAJ, Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:197\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"523_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103516","volume":"81","author":"J Cacace","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cacace J, Luna-Marco C, Hermo-Argibay A, Pesantes-Somogyi C, Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez OA, Pelech\u00e1-Salvador M, et al. Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes compromises leukocyte oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS complex content and neutrophil-endothelial interactions. Redox Biol. 2025;81:103516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103516.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1385","volume":"26","author":"GK Geiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geiss GK, Bumgarner RE, Birditt B, Dahl T, Dowidar N, Dunaway DL, et al. Direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression with color-coded probe pairs. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(3):317\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt1385.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"523_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.41","volume":"8","author":"GH Heine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heine GH, Ortiz A, Massy ZA, Lindholm B, Wiecek A, Mart\u00ednez-Castelao A, et al. Monocyte subpopulations and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(6):362\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2012.41.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00595-0","volume":"19","author":"MZ Kocak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kocak MZ, Aktas G, Duman TT, Atak BM, Kurtkulagi O, Tekce H, et al. Monocyte lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of diabetic kidney injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus; the MADKID study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(2):997\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40200-020-00595-0.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"523_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02845","volume":"6","author":"SD Naicker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naicker SD, Cormican S, Griffin TP, Maretto S, Martin WP, Ferguson JP, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Severity Is Associated With Selective Expansion of a Distinctive Intermediate Monocyte Subpopulation. Front Immunol. 2018;6:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02845.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000083","volume":"34","author":"S Cormican","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cormican S, Negi N, Naicker SD, Islam MN, Fazekas B, Power R, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Is Characterized by Expansion of a Distinct Proinflammatory Intermediate Monocyte Subtype and by Increased Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. 2023;34(5):793\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000083.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol JASN"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352126","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2352126","volume":"46","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Weng S, Cao C, Yi Y, Wu Y, Peng D. Association between monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney diseases: A data analysis from national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2003\u20132010. Ren Fail. 2024;46(1):2352126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2352126.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2391-2","volume":"55","author":"JM Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng JM, Yao GH, Cheng Z, Wang R, Liu ZH. Pathogenic role of mast cells in the development of diabetic nephropathy: a study of patients at different stages of the disease. Diabetologia. 2012;55(3):801\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-011-2391-2.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F716","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00314.2016","volume":"312","author":"R Pichler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pichler R, Afkarian M, Dieter BP, Tuttle KR. Immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: translating mechanisms to biomarkers and treatment targets. Am J Physiol-Ren Physiol. 2017;312(4):F716\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00314.2016.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Ren Physiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"523_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab036","volume":"37","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang J, Zou B, Li L, Yao L, et al. Cellinker: a platform of ligand\u2013receptor interactions for intercellular communication analysis. Bioinformatics. 2021;37(14):2025\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab036.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"14","key":"523_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160440","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1160440","volume":"23","author":"K Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang K. Mitochondrial CPT1A: Insights into structure, function, and basis for drug development. Front Pharmacol. 2023;23(14):1160440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1160440.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96981-6","volume":"11","author":"A Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa A, Reyn\u00e9s B, Konieczna J, Mart\u00edn M, Fiol M, Palou A, et al. Use of human PBMC to analyse the impact of obesity on lipid metabolism and metabolic status: a proof-of-concept pilot study. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-96981-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"523_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.769972","author":"S Sur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sur S, Nguyen M, Boada P, Sigdel TK, Sollinger H, Sarwal MM. FcER1: a novel molecule implicated in the progression of human diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.769972.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"523_CR22","unstructured":"Sun Q, Guo M, Sha Q, Chen X. NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2024 Cited 2026 Feb 28. Comparison of Blood Transcriptomic Profiles of Healthy, T2D and Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) Reveals FTO as a potential target for DN (GSE154881). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE154881"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14791641221122918","volume":"19","author":"H Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu H, Chen Y, Gong W, Lai J, Yao B, Zhao Z, et al. Shared and specific biological signalling pathways for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy by high-throughput sequencing analysis. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2022;19(4):14791641221122918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14791641221122918.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00694-0","volume":"19","author":"AB Sanz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanz AB, Sanchez-Ni\u00f1o MD, Ramos AM, Ortiz A. Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023;19(5):281\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-023-00694-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"523_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121584","volume":"12","author":"L Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu L, Jiao B. The interplay between immune and metabolic pathways in kidney disease. Cells. 2023;12(12):1584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12121584.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2011.10.001PubMedPMID:22033227;PubMedCentralPMCID:PMC3568394","volume":"31","author":"YHF Teng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teng YHF, Aquino RS, Park PW. Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease. Matrix Biol J Int Soc Matrix Biol. 2012;31(1):3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matbio.2011.10.001PubMedPMID:22033227;PubMedCentralPMCID:PMC3568394.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol J Int Soc Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180031","volume":"132","author":"K Kanasaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kanasaki K. The role of renal dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in kidney disease: renal effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with a focus on linagliptin. Clin Sci. 2018;132(4):489\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20180031.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"523_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00405","volume":"21","author":"H Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su H, Lei CT, Zhang C. Interleukin-6 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Kidney Disease: An Update. Front Immunol. 2017;21(8):405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00405.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65022-5","volume":"16","author":"G Halasz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Halasz G, Schmahl J, Negron N, Ni M, Lim WK, Atwal GS, et al. Optimized murine sample sizes for RNA sequencing studies revealed from large scale comparative analysis. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):10173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-65022-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"523_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.053959.115","volume":"22","author":"NJ Schurch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schurch NJ, Schofield P, Gierli\u0144ski M, Cole C, Sherstnev A, Singh V, et al. How many biological replicates are needed in an RNA-seq experiment and which differential expression tool should you use? RNA. 2016;22(6):839\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1261\/rna.053959.115.","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000547136","volume":"19","author":"S Kiyici","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiyici S, Demirci I, Sonmez A, Haymana C, Mert M, Nuhoglu I, et al. Impact of obesity on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes: five-year trends of Turkish nationwide survey of glycemic and other metabolic parameters of patients with diabetes (TEMD Obesity Study, 2017\u20132022). Obes Facts. 2017;19(1):22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000547136.","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0093","volume":"71","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Collado A, Sun C, Tratsiakovich Y, Mahdi A, Winter H, et al. Downregulation of erythrocyte miR-210 induces endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2021;71(2):285\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db21-0093.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05335-w","volume":"64","author":"A Houzelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houzelle A, J\u00f6rgensen JA, Schaart G, Daemen S, van Polanen N, Fealy CE, et al. Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in relation to oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia. 2021;64(2):424\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-020-05335-w.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"523_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05230-4","volume":"63","author":"A Faulkner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faulkner A, Tamiato A, Cathery W, Rampin A, Caravaggi CM, Jover E, et al. Dimethyl-2-oxoglutarate improves redox balance and mitochondrial function in muscle pericytes of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2020;63(10):2205\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-020-05230-4.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"523_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care. 2024;48(Supplement_1):S27\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc25-S002","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002"},{"issue":"10","key":"523_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06219-z","volume":"67","author":"C Luna-Marco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luna-Marco C, Devos D, Cacace J, Fernandez-Reyes M, D\u00edaz-Pozo P, Salazar JD, et al. Molecular circadian clock disruption in the leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight, and its relationship with leukocyte\u2013endothelial interactions. Diabetologia. 2024;67(10):2316\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-024-06219-z.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["Molecular Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T23:01:33Z","timestamp":1786143693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-026-00523-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Research with Medicines of the University Hospital Dr. Peset (CEIm; ID: 100.22) and complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"133"}}