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Thymosin \u03b24 (T\u03b24) is a highly conserved endogenous peptide with established roles in tissue repair and immune regulation, but its contribution to IBD pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>TMSB4X<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the gene encoding T\u03b24, was downregulated in colonic tissues of IBD patients. To investigate its functional significance, we generated\n                    <jats:italic>Tmsb4x<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient mice and demonstrated that loss of endogenous T\u03b24 markedly increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Conversely, oral administration of recombinant human T\u03b24 (rhT\u03b24) significantly improved survival, alleviated body weight loss, reduced epithelial injury, and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in both prophylactic and therapeutic colitis models. Furthermore, rhT\u03b24 attenuated intestinal fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced expression of fibrosis-associated markers and decreased collagen I deposition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that rhT\u03b24 partially restored DSS-induced gene dysregulation and suppressed mineralocorticoid receptor (MR, NR3C2) signaling, a pathway further supported by reporter assays and downstream target gene analyses. Collectively, these findings identify T\u03b24 as an endogenous protective factor against intestinal inflammation and fibrosis and suggest that pharmacological restoration of T\u03b24 activity may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD through modulation of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-026-00539-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:06:44Z","timestamp":1786946804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recombinant human Thymosin \u03b24 ameliorates experimental colitis and intestinal fibrosis through suppression of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tao-ran","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En-bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-fang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-yun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-yi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-lin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gros B, Kaplan GG. Ulcerative colitis in adults. Jama. 2023;330(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.15389.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15389"},{"issue":"10401","key":"539_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00966-2","volume":"402","author":"C Le Berre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le Berre C, Honap S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):571\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)00966-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"539_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, Sanchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease: innate immune system. 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