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In pear, red skin coloration arises from anthocyanin accumulation, a process strongly induced by light. Here, transcriptomic analyses identified PyNAC90 as a candidate regulator promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis. The expression level of\n                    <jats:italic>PyNAC90<\/jats:italic>\n                    gradually increased with extended bag removal. Stable transformation in pear callus and transient overexpression in pear skin showed that\n                    <jats:italic>PyNAC90<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>PyNAC90<\/jats:italic>\n                    silencing significantly suppressed anthocyanin biosynthesis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that PyHY5 directly induced\n                    <jats:italic>PyNAC90<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while PyNAC90 directly activated\n                    <jats:italic>PyMYB10<\/jats:italic>\n                    and indirectly activated the downstream structural genes\n                    <jats:italic>PyDFR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>PyANS<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, co-expression of PyNAC90, PyMYB10, and PybHLH3 synergistically activated the downstream structural genes\n                    <jats:italic>PyDFR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>PyANS<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, Y2H, LCI, and BiFC assays confirmed that PyNAC90 physically interacted with PyMYB10, strengthening cooperative transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase PyCOP1 also interacted with PyNAC90 both in vivo and in vitro, mediating its degradation, thereby reducing anthocyanin accumulation. Collectively, our results elucidate a molecular mechanism by which light-responsive NAC transcription factors regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and expand the regulatory network underlying light\u2013induced pigmentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897-026-00254-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1788994943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Light-responsive PyNAC90 orchestrates anthocyanin biosynthesis through combinatorial transcriptional activation and COP1-mediated degradation in pear"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaolong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guosong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yule","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amato A, Cavallini E, Zenoni S, Finezzo L, Begheldo M, Ruperti B, Tornielli G B. 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