{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:05:09Z","timestamp":1766966709076,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL169517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL169517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL160522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL160522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AG063937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AG063937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019212","name":"American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Echo Res Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polyethelene glycol (PEG) is a key component of several ultrasound enhancing agents (UEA) but has been recognized as contributing to anaphylactoid reactions, resulting in new contraindications to use in those with known or suspected PEG allergy. Despite these recommendations, no clinical tools currently exist to screen for those with suspected PEG-allergy in echocardiography laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a screening survey to identify patients with potential PEG allergy and prospectively implemented it in a pilot study involving 8 patients with confirmed PEG allergy by skin prick testing and 50 prospectively enrolled patients undergoing clinically-indicated echocardiography without known PEG allergy, June \u2013 July 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients completed the survey. A positive response to at least 2 of the first 4 questions on the screening survey had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 67.6\u2013100%), specificity of 100% (95% CI 92.9\u2013100%), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI 67.6\u2013100%), and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 92.9\u2013100%) to identify individuals with known PEG allergy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot multicenter study, a brief screening survey identified all patients with proven allergy to PEG, suggesting possible utility to its use to identify those with potential PEG allergy who would benefit from a non-PEGylated UEA, though further clinical validation is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:02:44Z","timestamp":1766966564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a screening checklist to identify individuals with suspected allergy to polyethylene glycol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jordan B.","family":"Strom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Spetko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance E. M.","family":"Angell-James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline A.","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan L.","family":"Winburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Cosby A.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.05.002","volume":"34","author":"JR Lindner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindner JR, Belcik T, Main ML, Montanaro A, Mulvagh SL, Olson J, et al. Expert consensus statement from the American society of echocardiography on hypersensitivity reactions to ultrasound enhancing agents in patients with allergy to polyethylene glycol. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021;34:707\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krantz MS, Liu Y, Phillips EJ, Stone CA. Jr. Anaphylaxis to PEGylated liposomal echocardiogram contrast in a patient with IgE-mediated macrogol allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8:1416-9.e3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.12.041"},{"key":"100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s44156-024-00068-7","volume":"12","author":"JB Strom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strom JB, Appis A, Barr RG, Chammas MC, Clevert D-A, Darge K, et al. Multi-societal expert consensus statement on the safe administration of ultrasound contrast agents. Echo Res Pract. 2025;12:4.","journal-title":"Echo Res Pract"},{"key":"100_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e039480","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.039480","volume":"14","author":"JB Strom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strom JB, Mulvagh SL, Porter TR, Wei K, Stout JL, Main ML. Contemporary safety of ultrasound enhancing agents in a nationwide analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e039480.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"100_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03437","volume":"88","author":"Q Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Q, Jacobs TM, McCallen JD, Moore DT, Huckaby JT, Edelstein JN, et al. Analysis of pre-existing IgG and IgM antibodies against polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the general population. Anal Chem. 2016;88:11804\u201312.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"100_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10122048","volume":"10","author":"D Pesqu\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pesqu\u00e9 D, Pujol RM, Marcantonio O, Vidal-Navarro A, Ramada JM, Arderiu-Forment\u00ed A, et al. Study of excipients in delayed skin reactions to mRNA vaccines: positive delayed intradermal reactions to polyethylene glycol provide new insights for COVID-19 arm. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10:2048.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"100_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.722","volume":"J","author":"C Stone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stone C, Pakala S, Zhao Z, Krantz M, Boxer M, Phillips E. Genetic and epidemiologic risk associated with IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to polyethylene glycol. J all Clin Immunol. 2023;J:151:AB232.","journal-title":"J all Clin Immunol"},{"key":"100_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.08.007","volume":"17","author":"JB Strom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strom JB, Song Y, Jiang W, Lou Y, Pfeffer Daniel N, Massad Omnya E, et al. Predictors and utilization of ultrasound enhancing agents for echocardiography in the outpatient setting. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17:217\u20139.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"100_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.07.015","volume":"33","author":"AM Fraiche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraiche AM, Manning WJ, Nagueh SF, Main ML, Markson LJ, Strom JB. Identification of need for ultrasound enhancing agent study (the IN-USE study). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33:1500\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"}],"container-title":["Echo Research &amp; Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1766966568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44156-025-00100-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-0464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-0464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional review boards at both BIDMC (Federal Wide Assurance # 00003245) and VUMC (Federal Wide Assurance #00005756) with verbal consent from patients for participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics, consent to participate, and consent to publish"}},{"value":"Dr. Strom reports research grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R01HL169517, 1R01HL173998), Edwards Lifesciences, EchoIQ, Anumana, Viz.ai, EVERSANA Lifesciences; consulting for Bracco Diagnostics, Edwards Lifesciences, Philips Healthcare, General Electric Healthcare, and EVERSANA, and is a member of the scientific advisory boards for Ultromics, HeartSciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Alnyam, Ultrasight, and EchoIQ. Dr. Stone received funding from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation which supported this research. He reports additional grant support from AHRQ R01HS030234, NIAID U01AI181927, NIAID 1U01AI184071-01 and a pilot award for chemotherapy allergy research from the Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center\/Chic Awearness. Funders played no role in any aspect of this manuscript. Dr. Stone reports consulting work for Larimar Therapeutics and Stallergenes Greer which is unrelated to the current work. All other authors report no relevant disclosures.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}