{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:36:00Z","timestamp":1792683360732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Anesth Analg Crit Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:26:05Z","timestamp":1768875965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology and outcome of intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit in Italy from the Italian Register of complicated Intra-abdominal InfectionS\u2014the IRIS study: a prospective observational nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Etrusca","family":"Brogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Cremonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ceresoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Catena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Gurrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Forfori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ghiadoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Melai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"IRIS study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Musetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cobuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Cengeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Vagelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Zocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Arces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Salamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Facchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Guelfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Monetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Chiarugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Corradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Baggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Testini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Giovane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pasculli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davina","family":"Perini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Risso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Spota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Biloslavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Sguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Anania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risso","family":"Alessandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Vallicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mazzucchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ciabatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Iadicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Parini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daunia","family":"Verdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Luppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Ballauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia","family":"Giuseppe Lunghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fioralba","family":"Pindozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sbuelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cammelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Herda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Carganico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Badile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gambino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pirozzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Brisinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Vannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Andrea","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gamberini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Sibilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Scheiterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela Giulii","family":"Capponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Malerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Milone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Cillara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Di Fuccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Di Lascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Fransvea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Agrusti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Santarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano Piero Bernardo","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Cimbanassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Altomare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Virdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Scabini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Murzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Salvetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Fugazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita Gabriela","family":"Elisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bellanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Zese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Luppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Muratore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia Giuseppe","family":"Lunghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Scalzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savino","family":"Occhionorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gubbiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Scaramuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Gelmini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Paratore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Adelina","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Sartelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Coccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-8-3","volume":"8","author":"M Sartelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sartelli M, Viale P, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Moore E, Malangoni M et al (2013) 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg 8(1):3","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"338_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2009.21.Supplement-1.3","volume":"21","author":"F Menichetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menichetti F, Sganga G (2009) Definition and classification of intra-abdominal infections. J Chemother 21(Suppl 1):3\u20134","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"338_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0132-7","volume":"12","author":"M Sartelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sartelli M, Catena F, Abu-Zidan FM, Ansaloni L, Biffl WL, Boermeester MA et al (2017) Management of intra-abdominal infections: recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference. World J Emerg Surg 12:22","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"338_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0141-6","volume":"12","author":"M Sartelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sartelli M, Chichom-Mefire A, Labricciosa FM, Hardcastle T, Abu-Zidan FM, Adesunkanmi AK et al (2017) The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg 12:29","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-420","volume":"14","author":"J De Waele","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Waele J, Lipman J, Sakr Y, Marshall JC, Vanhems P, Barrera Groba C et al (2014) Abdominal infections in the intensive care unit: characteristics, treatment and determinants of outcome. BMC Infect Dis 14:420","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"338_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05819-3","volume":"45","author":"S Blot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blot S, Antonelli M, Arvaniti K, Blot K, Creagh-Brown B, de Lange D et al (2019) Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: \u201cAbSeS\u201d, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM trials group project. Intensive Care Med 45(12):1703\u20131717","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741053","volume":"43","author":"LM Napolitano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Napolitano LM (2022) Intra-abdominal infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 43(1):10\u201327","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"338_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05073-0","volume":"28","author":"JL Nates","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nates JL, P\u00e8ne F, Darmon M, Mokart D, Castro P, David S et al (2024) Septic shock in the immunocompromised cancer patient: a narrative review. Crit Care 28:285","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"338_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01970-21","author":"\u00c1 Cano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cano \u00c1, Guti\u00e9rrez-Guti\u00e9rrez B, Machuca I, Torre-Gim\u00e9nez J, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Natera AM et al (2022) Association between timing of colonization and risk of developing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae infection in hospitalized patients. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01970-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32275-8","volume":"8","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Ogura H, Shimizu K, Ikeda M, Hirose T, Matsuura H et al (2018) The clinical importance of a cytokine network in the acute phase of sepsis. Sci Rep 8(1):13995","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"338_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1392-4","volume":"20","author":"MD Zilberberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sulham K, Fan W, Shorr AF (2016) Multidrug resistance, inappropriate empiric therapy, and hospital mortality in Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia and sepsis. Crit Care 20:221","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.26210","volume":"5","author":"A Pop-Vicas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pop-Vicas A, Opal SM (2014) The clinical impact of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the management of septic shock. Virulence 5(1):206\u2013212","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"6","key":"338_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0596-8","volume":"18","author":"MD Zilberberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Micek ST, Vazquez-Guillamet C, Kollef MH (2014) Multi-drug resistance, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy and mortality in gram-negative severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care 18(6):596","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"338_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1568239","volume":"17","author":"JJ De Waele","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Waele JJ, Dhaese S (2019) Antibiotic stewardship in sepsis management: toward a balanced use of antibiotics for the severely ill patient. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther 17(2):89\u201397","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"338_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080776","volume":"13","author":"R Bova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bova R, Griggio G, Vallicelli C, Santandrea G, Coccolini F, Ansaloni L et al (2024) Source control and antibiotics in intra-abdominal infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 13(8):776","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-025-00590-x","volume":"20","author":"F Coccolini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coccolini F, Brogi E, Ceresoli M, Catena F, Gurrado A, Forfori F et al (2025) Epidemiological analysis of intra-abdominal infections in Italy from the Italian register of complicated intra-abdominal infections\u2014the IRIS study: a prospective observational nationwide study. World J Emerg Surg 20(1):22","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"338_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-9-37","volume":"9","author":"M Sartelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sartelli M, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Coccolini F, Corbella D, Moore EE et al (2014) Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study. World J Emerg Surg 9:37","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"338_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M et al (2016) The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315(8):801\u2013810","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"338_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2024.01.002","volume":"4","author":"JJ De Waele","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Waele JJ (2024) Importance of timely and adequate source control in sepsis and septic shock. J Intensive Med 4(3):281\u2013286","journal-title":"J Intensive Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"338_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-010-0650-1","volume":"395","author":"JJ De Waele","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Waele JJ (2010) Early source control in sepsis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 395(5):489\u2013494","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"338_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG et al (2012) Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(3):268\u2013281","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"338_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00276-21","volume":"60","author":"CG Giske","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giske CG, Turnidge J, Cant\u00f3n R, Kahlmeter G (2022) Update from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). J Clin Microbiol 60(3):e00276-21","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"338_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01864-19","volume":"58","author":"MP Weinstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weinstein MP, Lewis JS (2020) The clinical and laboratory standards institute subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing: background, organization, functions, and processes. J Clin Microbiol 58(3):10\u2013128","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"338_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz085","volume":"188","author":"M Windle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Windle M, Lee HD, Cherng ST, Lesko CR, Hanrahan C, Jackson JW et al (2019) from epidemiologic knowledge to improved health: a vision for translational epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 188(12):2049\u20132060","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR25","first-page":"2","volume":"41","author":"JP Woodall","year":"1988","unstructured":"Woodall JP (1988) Epidemiological approaches to health planning, management and evaluation. World Health Stat Q 41(1):2\u201310","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"338_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrow RH Jr., Lansang MA (1991) The role of clinical epidemiology in establishing essential national health research capabilities in developing countries. Infect Dis Clin North Am 5(2):235\u2013246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30735-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2024051","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2024.051","volume":"16","author":"U \u00d6nal","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6nal U, Akyol Seyhan D, Keteno\u011flu OB, Mert Vahabi M, Ba\u015fkol Elik D, Memetali SC et al (2024) Importance of source control in the subgroup of intra-abdominal infections for septic shock patients: analysis of 390 cases. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 16(1):e2024051","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"338_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106591","volume":"60","author":"K Arvaniti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arvaniti K, Dimopoulos G, Antonelli M, Blot K, Creagh-Brown B, Deschepper M et al (2022) Epidemiology and age-related mortality in critically ill patients with intra-abdominal infection or sepsis: an international cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 60(1):106591","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"338_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.07.019","volume":"129","author":"JA Paiva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paiva JA, Rello J, Eckmann C, Antonelli M, Arvaniti K, Koulenti D et al (2024) Intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in immunocompromised intensive care unit patients: disease expression, microbial aetiology, and clinical outcomes. Eur J Intern Med 129:100\u2013110","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1770983933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44158-026-00338-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-3786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-3786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"IRB Information: this study was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee of Pisa (Prot n 56478; 26\/09\/2019). The procedure was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2000). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was not obtained in accordance with our Ethics Committee, considering the nature of the study and of the registry (prospective, observational) and that all the data collected were noted in a completely anonymous form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30"}}