{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:22:41Z","timestamp":1787714561117,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001621","name":"University of the West of Scotland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VC23001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VC23001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Act. Sedentary Sleep Behav."],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Children\u2019s 24-h movement behaviours\u2014physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep\u2014are critical to health and wellbeing, yet many fail to meet recommended daily guidelines. School-based health interventions offer a scalable approach to improve movement behaviours, though their impact may be limited by competing academic demands. Homework presents an opportunity to extend the reach of school-based health interventions into the home environment. Happy Homework (HH 2.0) was developed as a digital intervention to integrate movement-based activities into home routines. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of HH 2.0 among primary school children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n An 8-week pilot cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted across four primary schools in the West of Scotland, with classes randomly allocated to intervention or control. Feasibility, usability, and acceptability were assessed using basic app-usage analytics and questionnaires completed by children, parents and teachers. Secondary outcomes included physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep measured via activPAL devices, which provided multiple posture- and movement-based metrics. Self-report sleep questionnaires were included, with children\u2019s motivation measured through basic psychological need satisfaction questionnaires. Linear mixed-effects models examined group by time interactions, accounting for clustering by school and repeated measures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 82 children aged 8\u201312\u00a0years were recruited (60% of those invited), with 87% retained at follow up, indicating good feasibility. App-use analytics indicated repeated engagement, although overall use was modest, defined by declining frequency and duration of interactions over time. Secondary outcome data from activPAL devices demonstrated a significant group x time difference in sedentary behaviour, with greater increases in the intervention group compared to the control (B\u2009=\u200966.2\u00a0min\/day,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). Self-reported sleep also showed a significant group \u00d7 time interaction, with smaller increases in reported sleep duration in the intervention group relative to control (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01). No other significant group \u00d7 time interactions were found for other secondary outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n HH 2.0 was feasible and acceptable as a homework-based health intervention however, engagement levels likely limited its effectiveness. Findings outline the potential and challenges of digital school-based health interventions and emphasises the need to strengthen implementation strategies, sustain engagement, and enhance parent and teacher involvement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n NCT07631754 (retrospectively registered).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s44167-026-00111-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T02:46:17Z","timestamp":1787712377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Happy Homework 2.0: effects on 24-hour movement behaviours in children\u2014findings from a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1976-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April","family":"Forrest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan S.","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Sculthorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"container-title":["Journal of Activity, Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s44167-026-00111-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T02:46:18Z","timestamp":1787712378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s44167-026-00111-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44167-026-00111-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The article was not sent to more than one journal for evaluation at the same time. The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the University of the West of Scotland ethics committee on 19th September 2024. Participating children (oral and written), their parents or carers (written), and teachers (written) received information about the study, emphasising its voluntary nature, their right to terminate participation at any time, and the assurance that their participation would remain anonymous. Informed and written consent was collected from the participating teachers, and parents or carers of participating children beforehand. Written assent from the children was obtained prior to the study, with oral assent obtained immediately before baseline measures commenced. The study adhered to the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration for human participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}