{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:51:34Z","timestamp":1783529494849,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["RO1AI130058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AI130058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Glob. Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects people deprived of liberty (PDL). Prior studies have shown higher TB treatment completion rates among PDL compared to the general population. However, little is known about how incarceration-related movements such as transfers between facilities and releases to the community affect TB treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We linked person-level incarceration data with TB notifications data from the Notifiable Disease Information System for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul between January 2006 and December 2018. We constructed a cohort of PDL who were newly diagnosed with drug-susceptible TB and initiated treatment. We compared treatment outcomes between individuals who remained in the same carceral facility and those who were transferred to other facilities or released from incarceration during treatment. We computed the covariate-adjusted relative risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes for individuals transferred or released during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1261 PDL who initiated TB treatment. Of these individuals, 842 (66.8%) remained in the same carceral facility, 256 (20.3%) were transferred to other facilities, and 163 (12.9%) were released to the community during treatment. Among those who remained in the same carceral facility, 72.9% (614\/842) were successfully treated within 8 months following treatment initiation. In contrast, only 61.7% (158\/256) of those who were transferred and 50.3% (82\/163) of those who were released achieved TB treatment success within 8 months. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes was 1.4 (95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.2 to 1.7) times as high for individuals transferred to other facilities and 1.6 (95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.3 to 2.0) times as high for individuals released from incarceration, compared to those who remained in the same facility during treatment. For individuals released less than 2 months into treatment, the risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes was twice as high (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 2.1, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.6\u20132.7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transfers between facilities and releases from incarceration are common and may pose barriers to TB treatment completion. Strategies for ensuring continuity of care across carceral facilities and between prison and community health systems are urgently needed to improve TB outcomes for individuals impacted by incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:43:55Z","timestamp":1761054235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tuberculosis treatment outcomes after transfer or release from incarceration: a retrospective cohort study from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Mabene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Victor","family":"Bortolotto Bampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everton Ferreira","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crhistinne","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria de Lourdes","family":"Delgado Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maridiane","family":"Coutinho Echevarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran E.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"210_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2023: Tuberculosis in Prisons. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2023\/featured-topics\/tb-in-prisons. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"9769","key":"210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7","volume":"377","author":"S Fazel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. The Lancet. 2011Mar 12;377(9769):956\u201365.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"210_CR3","unstructured":"Dara M, Grzemska M, Kimerling ME, Reyes H, Zagorskiy A. Guidelines for control of tuberculosis in prisons. 2009. https:\/\/www.challengetb.org\/publications\/tools\/ua\/Guidelines_for_control_of_TB_in_prisons.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.140896","volume":"21","author":"FP Sacchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sacchi FP, Pra\u00e7a RM, Tatara MB, Simonsen V, Ferrazoli L, Croda MG, et al. Prisons as reservoir for community transmission of tuberculosis, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(3):452\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1111-x","author":"JL Warren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Warren JL, Grandjean L, Moore DA, Lithgow A, Coronel J, Sheen P, et al. Investigating spillover of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from a prison: a spatial and molecular epidemiological analysis. BMC Med. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1111-x.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"210_CR6","unstructured":"The Stop TB Partnership. UNHLM 2023 Country Targets: achieving the UNHLM treatment targets country by country. 2023. https:\/\/www.stoptb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/imported\/document\/country_targets-combined.pdf. Accessed 25 Feb 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0449","volume":"26","author":"JM O\u2019Marr","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Marr JM, Gon\u00e7alves C, Arakaki-Sanchez D, Pelissari DM, Costa FD, Croda J, et al. The effect of incarceration on TB treatment outcomes. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2022Mar 1;26(3):252\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singano VAQ, Kip E, Ching\u2019ani W, Chiwaula L. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among prisoners and general population in Zomba, Malawi. BMC Public Health. 2020(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-08841-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08841-z"},{"issue":"44","key":"210_CR9","volume":"24","author":"LV Lima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lima LV, Pavinati G, Palmieri IG, Vieira JP, Blasque JC, Higarashi IH, et al. Factors associated with loss to follow-up in tuberculosis treatment in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study. Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2023Nov;24(44):e20230077.","journal-title":"Rev Gaucha Enferm"},{"key":"210_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09417-7","author":"DK Ryuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ryuk DK, Pelissari DM, Alves K, Oliveira PB, Castro MC, Cohen T, et al. Predictors of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: an analysis of 259,484 patient records. BMC Infect Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09417-7.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faust L, Caceres-Cardenas G, Martinez L, Huddart S, Vidal JR, Corilloclla-Torres R, et.al. Tuberculosis case notifications and outcomes in Peruvian prisons prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national-level interrupted time series analysis. The Lancet Regional Health\u2013Americas. 2024 May 1;33(100723).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2024.100723"},{"key":"210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.31.24308287","author":"A Medina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Medina A, Sussman J, Sosa N, Valdez M, Andrews JR, Croda J, et al. The concentration of tuberculosis within Paraguay\u2019s incarcerated and Indigenous populations, 2018\u20132022. medRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.31.24308287.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir491","volume":"53","author":"RP Westergaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Westergaard RP, Kirk GD, Richesson DR, Galai N, Mehta SH. Incarceration predicts virologic failure for HIV-infected injection drug users receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(7):725\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.202","volume":"301","author":"J Baillargeon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baillargeon J, Giordano TP, Rich JD, Wu ZH, Wells K, Pollock BH, et al. Accessing antiretroviral therapy following release from prison. JAMA. 2009Feb 25;301(8):848\u201357.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30209-6","volume":"5","author":"KB Loeliger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loeliger KB, Altice FL, Desai MM, Ciarleglio MM, Gallagher C, Meyer JP. Predictors of linkage to HIV care and viral suppression after release from jails and prisons: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(2):e96-106.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103558","volume":"101","author":"C Bachireddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bachireddy C, Shrestha R, Bromberg DJ, Azbel L, Kurmanalieva A, Wegman M, et al. Methadone within prison and linkage to and retention in treatment upon community release for people with opioid use disorder in Kyrgyzstan: evaluation of a national program. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;101:103558.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01050.x","volume":"100","author":"KA Dolan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dolan KA, Shearer J, White B, Zhou J, Kaldor J, Wodak AD. Four-year follow-up of imprisoned male heroin users and methadone treatment: mortality, re-incarceration and hepatitis C infection. Addiction. 2005;100(6):820\u20138.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.3.833","volume":"119","author":"NN Bock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bock NN, Rogers T, Herron GD, Tapia JR, DeVoe B, Geiter LJ. Acceptability of short-course rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among jail inmates. Chest. 2001;119(3):833\u20137.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"210_CR19","first-page":"1296","volume":"127","author":"MN Lobato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lobato MN, Reves RR, Jasmer RM, Grabau JC, Bock NN, Shang N. Adverse events and treatment completion for latent tuberculosis in jail inmates and homeless persons. Chest. 2005;127(4):1296\u2013303.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032198","volume":"155","author":"CM Nolan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nolan CM, Roll L, Goldberg SV, Elarth AM. Directly observed isoniazid preventive therapy for released jail inmates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155(2):583\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0934","volume":"18","author":"A Schwitters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwitters A, Kaggwa M, Omiel P, Nagadya G, Kisa N, Dalal S. Tuberculosis incidence and treatment completion among Ugandan prison inmates. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(7):781\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.230611","volume":"30","author":"D Lukoye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lukoye D, Kalamya JN, Awor AC, Gustavson G, Kabanda J, Ferroussier-Davis O, et al. Treatment outcomes for tuberculosis infection and disease among persons deprived of liberty, Uganda, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(7):1402\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13024","volume":"23","author":"S Hatwiinda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hatwiinda S, Topp SM, Siyambango M, Harris JB, Maggard KR, Chileshe C, et al. Poor continuity of care for TB diagnosis and treatment in Zambian prisons: a situation analysis. Trop Med Int Health. 2018;23(2):243\u201350.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e841","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00192-0","volume":"9","author":"YE Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu YE, Mabene Y, Camelo S, Rueda ZV, Pelissari DM, Johansen FDC, et al. Mass incarceration as a driver of the tuberculosis epidemic in Latin America and projected effects of policy alternatives: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(11):e841\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00097-X","volume":"8","author":"L Martinez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinez L, Warren JL, Harries AD, Croda J, Espinal MA, Olarte RA, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of tuberculosis incidence and case detection among incarcerated individuals from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet Public Health. 2023Jul;8(7):e511\u20139.","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"210_CR26","unstructured":"World Prison Brief. Brazil. https:\/\/www.prisonstudies.org\/country\/brazil. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2014-011","volume":"6","author":"MP Van der Loo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van der Loo MP. The stringdist package for approximate string matching. The R Journal. 2014Jun 1;6(1):111\u201322.","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"210_CR28","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376","volume":"63","author":"P Nahid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, Barry PM, Brozek JL, Cattamanchi A, et al. Official American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016Oct 1;63(7):147\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"210_CR30","unstructured":"MINIST\u00c9RIO DA SA\u00daDE SECRETARIA DE VIGIL\u00c2NCIA EM SA\u00daDE. Vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica da tuberculose: An\u00e1lise de indicadores operacionais e epidemiol\u00f3gicos a partir da base de dados do Sinan vers\u00e3o 5.0. 2019. http:\/\/portalsinan.saude.gov.br\/images\/documentos\/Agravos\/Tuberculose\/Caderno_de_Analise_2019.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","volume":"159","author":"G Zou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004Apr 1;159(7):702\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"210_CR32","unstructured":"Stekhoven DJ. missForest: nonparametric missing value imputation using random forest. R package version 1.5. 2022. [Cited 2024 Oct 29]. Available from: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/missForest\/index.html."},{"issue":"16","key":"210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002631","volume":"145","author":"MR Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva MR, Pereira JC, Costa RR, Dias JA, Guimar\u00e3es MD, Leite ICG. Drug addiction and alcoholism as predictors for tuberculosis treatment default in Brazil: a prospective cohort study. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(16):3516\u201324.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"210_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011685","volume":"17","author":"OA Silva Rodrigues","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva Rodrigues OA, Mogaji HO, Alves LC, Flores-Ortiz R, Cremonese C, Nery JS. Factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment among homeless persons in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study from 2015 to 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023;17(10):e0011685.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0584-8","author":"OT Ranzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ranzani OT, Carvalho CR, Waldman EA, Rodrigues LC. The impact of being homeless on the unsuccessful outcome of treatment of pulmonary TB in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil. BMC Med. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-016-0584-8.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"210_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11834-1","author":"JC Prado Junior","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prado Junior JC, Medronho RD. Spatial analysis of tuberculosis cure in primary care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-11834-1.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033129","volume":"7","author":"M Sanchez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanchez M, Bartholomay P, Arakaki-Sanchez D, Enarson D, Bissell K, Barreira D, et al. Outcomes of TB treatment by HIV status in national recording systems in Brazil, 2003\u20132008. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e33129.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"210_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215926","volume":"77","author":"K Siddiqi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqi K, Keding A, Marshall AM, Dogar O, Li J, Huque R, et al. Effect of quitting smoking on health outcomes during treatment for tuberculosis: secondary analysis of the TB & tobacco trial. Thorax. 2022;77(1):74\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0002","volume":"24","author":"EY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang EY, Arrazola RA, Mathema B, Ahluwalia IB, Mase SR. The impact of smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020Feb 1;24(2):170\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"210_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-018-0287-z","volume":"76","author":"DM Pelissari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pelissari DM, Diaz-Quijano FA. Impact of alcohol disorder and the use of illicit drugs on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Public Health. 2018;76:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"210_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020: Global Tuberculosis Report. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240013131. Accessed 14 Jul 2025."},{"key":"210_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2050-4","volume":"23","author":"SM Fuller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuller SM, Koester KA, Maiorana A, Steward WT, Broaddus MR, Lass K, et al. \u201cI don\u2019t have to do this all by myself\u201d: systems navigation to ensure continuity of HIV care for persons leaving prison. AIDS Behav. 2019;23:14\u201324.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"210_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2316-x","volume":"23","author":"A Avery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Avery A, Ciomica R, Gierlach M, Machekano R. Jail-based case management improves retention in HIV care 12 months post release. AIDS Behav. 2019Apr 15;23(4):966\u201372.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13220","volume":"27","author":"M Yanes-Lane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yanes-Lane M, Dussault C, Linthwaite B, Cox J, Klein MB, Sebastiani G, et al. Using the barriers and facilitators to linkage to HIV care to inform hepatitis C virus (HCV) linkage to care strategies for people released from prison: findings from a systematic review. J Viral Hepat. 2020;27(2):205\u201320.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"210_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czs072","volume":"28","author":"EJ Murray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murray EJ, Bond VA, Marais BJ, Godfrey-Faussett P, Ayles HM, Beyers N. High levels of vulnerability and anticipated stigma reduce the impetus for tuberculosis diagnosis in Cape Town. South Africa Health policy and planning. 2013;28(4):410\u20138.","journal-title":"South Africa Health policy and planning"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"210_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S407","volume":"125","author":"A Courtwright","year":"2010","unstructured":"Courtwright A, Turner AN. Tuberculosis and stigmatization: pathways and interventions. Public Health Reports\u00ae. 2010;125(Suppl 4):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Public Health Reports\u00ae"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2021.33.3.202","volume":"33","author":"DM Woznica","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woznica DM, Ntombela N, Hoffmann CJ, Mabuto T, Kaufman MR, Murray SM, et al. Intersectional stigma among people transitioning from incarceration to community-based HIV care in Gauteng province. South Africa AIDS Education and Prevention. 2021Jun;33(3):202\u201315.","journal-title":"South Africa AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"issue":"5","key":"210_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci13050249","volume":"13","author":"PD Bonato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonato PD, Ventura CA, Reis RK, Amaral CD, De Smet S, Grossi S, et al. Health education for women released from prison in Brazil: barriers and possibilities for intervention. Social Sciences. 2024Apr 30;13(5):249.","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"210_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139487","volume":"10","author":"RV Sgarbi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sgarbi RV, Carbone AD, Pai\u00e3o DS, Lemos EF, Simionatto S, Puga MA, et al. A cross-sectional survey of HIV testing and prevalence in twelve Brazilian correctional facilities. PLoS ONE. 2015Oct 14;10(10):e0139487.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"210_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02527-w","author":"JA Cooper","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cooper JA, Murphy S, Kirk R, O\u2019Reilly D, Donnelly M. Data linkage studies of primary care utilisation after release from prison: a scoping review. BMC Prim Care. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02527-w.","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"210_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e578","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00119-0","volume":"7","author":"MJ Akiyama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akiyama MJ, Kronfli N, Cabezas J, Sheehan Y, Scheibe A, Brahni T, et al. The role of low-income and middle-income country prisons in eliminating hepatitis C. The Lancet Public Health. 2022Jul 1;7(7):e578\u20139.","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Global and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T02:04:38Z","timestamp":1761098678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcglobalpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44263-025-00210-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-913X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-913X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) (#7.060.054) and Stanford University (#50466). We only accessed routinely collected data. All data in this study were stored on secure encrypted devices and servers approved for high-risk data. This study conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"93"}}