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Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 7\u20131\u20137 targets are gaining traction as measurable targets for assessing a country\u2019s readiness to detect and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases. The targets are outbreak detection within 7 days of emergence, notification to health authorities within 1 day, and key early response actions commenced within another 7 days. For outbreaks of measles, cholera, yellow fever, and meningococcal meningitis, we estimated the impact of initiating outbreak response immunisation (ORI) within 15\u00a0days of outbreak emergence, relative to the mean ORI response time for each disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) since 2000. Initiating ORI within 15 days of outbreak emergence aligns with the 7\u20131\u20137 targets and supports outbreak containment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using agent-based models for four diseases, a status quo and series of \u2018Faster response\u2019 scenarios were compared for simulated outbreaks of each disease, with a 15-day ORI response time as the minimum. The\n                      <jats:italic>Starsim<\/jats:italic>\n                      modelling framework was used to build the models to provide a single common software and analysis architecture for all models while having the flexibility to account for very different modes of transmission across the diseases being modelled. The models were calibrated to epidemiological and programmatic response data for 51 measles, 40 cholera, 24 meningococcal meningitis, and 88 yellow fever outbreaks in LMICs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a synthetic model population, a 15-day ORI response could avert: 80% of cases from cholera outbreaks relative to a historical response time of 105\u00a0days, 35% of cases from meningococcal meningitis outbreaks relative to a historical response time of 75\u00a0days, 0\u201335% of cases from yellow fever outbreaks relative to a historical response time of 105\u00a0days (depending on routine vaccine coverage and environmental suitability), and 0\u201355% of cases from measles outbreaks relative to a historical response time of 120\u00a0days (depending on routine vaccine coverage).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improvements made to ORI response time could reduce disease burden and decrease the risk of large outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in LMICs. Efforts to improve ORI timeliness should be prioritised to higher risk settings, and it was clear that even a slow vaccination response was beneficial relative to no response at all.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-025-00239-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T23:01:36Z","timestamp":1768950096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimating the impact of decreasing vaccination response times for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in low- and middle-income countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Delport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina M.","family":"Muellenmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romesh G.","family":"Abeysuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10300","key":"239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01250-2","volume":"398","author":"TR Frieden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frieden TR, Lee CT, Bochner AF, Buissonniere M, McClelland A. 7-1-7: an organising principle, target, and accountability metric to make the world safer from pandemics. 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