{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:07:19Z","timestamp":1791486439753,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014748","name":"Clarendon Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFF2425_CB_MSD_1494485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFF2425_CB_MSD_1494485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Glob. Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:19:06Z","timestamp":1791436746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A qualitative evidence synthesis on perinatal screening for sickle cell disease in high-burden countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Seabold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1113-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Luchyshyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1142-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nia","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3938-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5008-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lulu","family":"Chirande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene-Mari","family":"van der Westhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6 Suppl 4","key":"316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013","volume":"41","author":"SD Grosse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grosse SD, Odame I, Atrash HK, Amendah DD, Piel FB, Williams TN. Sickle cell disease in Africa: a neglected cause of early childhood mortality. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(6 Suppl 4):S398\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.09.013","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2022.2063116","volume":"15","author":"M Dua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dua M, Bello-Manga H, Carroll YM, Galadanci AA, Ibrahim UA, King AA, et al. Strategies to increase access to basic sickle cell disease care in low- and middle-income countries. Expert Rev Hematol. 2022;15(4):333\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474086.2022.2063116","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"issue":"9861","key":"316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61229-X","volume":"381","author":"FB Piel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piel FB, Patil AP, Howes RE, Nyangiri OA, Gething PW, Dewi M, et al. Global epidemiology of sickle haemoglobin in neonates: a contemporary geostatistical model-based map and population estimates. Lancet. 2013;381(9861):142\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61229-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(26)00048-9","volume":"10","author":"D Adeloye","year":"2026","unstructured":"Adeloye D, Auta A, Ale BM, Thompson JY, Rudan I. Prevalence estimates of sickle cell disease among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2026;10(6):438\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(26)00048-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021103","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021103","volume":"8","author":"E Wastnedge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wastnedge E, Waters D, Patel S, Morrison K, Goh MY, Adeloye D, et al. The global burden of sickle cell disease in children under five years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2018;8(2):021103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.08.021103","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"316_CR6","unstructured":"NCDI Poverty Network [Internet]. [cited 2026 Jan 9]. PEN-Plus. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncdipoverty.org\/penplus-1"},{"issue":"8","key":"316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e633","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00096-0","volume":"10","author":"FB Piel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piel FB, Rees DC, DeBaun MR, Nnodu O, Ranque B, Thompson AA, et al. Defining global strategies to improve outcomes in sickle cell disease: a Lancet Haematology Commission. Lancet Haematol. 2023;10(8):e633\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00096-0","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"24","key":"316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6187","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007698","volume":"6","author":"NS Green","year":"2022","unstructured":"Green NS, Zapfel A, Nnodu OE, Franklin P, Tubman VN, Chirande L, et al. The Consortium on Newborn Screening in Africa for sickle cell disease: study rationale and methodology. Blood Adv. 2022;6(24):6187\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007698","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/03630269.2026.2630709","volume":"50","author":"OE Nnodu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nnodu OE, Mupfururirwa W, Kiguli S, Chirande L, Toure BA, Sarfo FS, et al. SickleInAfrica Consortium: A Seven-Country Study Evaluating the Performance of Dried Blood Spot Point-of-Care Testing in Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease. Hemoglobin. 2026;50(2):111\u201320.","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"316_CR10","unstructured":"Oyinlola A. Nigeria Moves to Establish National Sickle Cell Institution to Combat Disease Burden. NALTF [Internet]. 2025 Aug 6 [cited 2026 Jan 9]. Available from: https:\/\/naltf.gov.ng\/nigeria-moves-to-establish-national-sickle-cell-institution-to-combat-disease-burden\/"},{"key":"316_CR11","unstructured":"Ghana strengthens sickle cell care with national screening. and management guidelines - MyJoyOnline [Internet]. [cited 2026 Jan 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.myjoyonline.com\/ghana-strengthens-sickle-cell-care-with-national-screening-and-management-guidelines\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns12010005","volume":"12","author":"OS Folayan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Folayan OS, Orimadegun BE, Ayede AI, Inusa BP, Kase MK, Anetor JI. Integrated Newborn Screening in Nigeria: The Way Forward, A Workshop Report. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2026;12(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns12010005.","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"issue":"25","key":"316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606193142501","volume":"314","author":"MH Gaston","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gaston MH, Verter JI, Woods G, Pegelow C, Kelleher J, Presbury G, et al. Prophylaxis with Oral Penicillin in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(25):1593\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198606193142501.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"316_CR14","first-page":"152","volume":"15","author":"MP Cober","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cober MP, Phelps SJ. Penicillin Prophylaxis in Children with Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther JPPT. 2010;15(3):152\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther JPPT"},{"issue":"9","key":"316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0305110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305110","volume":"19","author":"CO Okeke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okeke CO, Okeke C, Asala S, Ofakunrin AOD, Ufelle S, Nnodu OE. Sustainability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease in resource-poor countries: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(9):e0305110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305110.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2024000548","volume":"2024","author":"OE Nnodu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nnodu OE, Okeke CO, Isa HA. Newborn screening initiatives for sickle cell disease in Africa. Hematology. 2024;2024(1):227\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/hematology.2024000548.","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flemming K, Booth A, Garside R, Tun\u00e7alp \u00d6, Noyes J. Qualitative evidence synthesis for complex interventions and guideline development: clarification of the purpose, designs and relevant methods. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(Suppl 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000882","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000882"},{"key":"316_CR18","unstructured":"Sharma DT, Dr Susan Munabi-Babigumira, Heather Melanie D, Ames R et al. Ms Andrea Elisabeth Scheel, Dr Andrew Booth, Professor Ruth Garside,. Guide to Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. World Health Organization; 2021."},{"key":"316_CR19","unstructured":"Noyes J, Booth A, Cargo M, Flemming K, Harden A, Harris J et al. Chapter 21: Qualitative evidence | Cochrane. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook\/current\/chapter-21"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V130.Suppl_1.762.762","volume":"130","author":"LR Smart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smart LR, Ambrose EE, Raphael KC, Hokororo A, Tyburski EA, Lam WA, et al. Simultaneous Point-of-Care Detection of Anemia and Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania: The RAPID Study. Blood. 2017;130(Suppl1):762\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.V130.Suppl_1.762.762.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21106\/ijtmrph.315","volume":"6","author":"LM Delicat-Loembet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delicat-Loembet LM, Mabiala ADN, Bisvigou U, Avoune E, Bongo S, N\u2019Tchoreret A, et al. Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease in Gabon Using Sickle SCAN\u00ae: A Point-of-Care Blood Test. Int J Transl Med Res Public Health. 2022;6(2):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21106\/ijtmrph.315.","journal-title":"Int J Transl Med Res Public Health"},{"issue":"Supplement1","key":"316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-129900","volume":"134","author":"HH Christopher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christopher HH, Burns A, Josephat E, Saul S, Mgaya J, Makani J, et al. Evaluation of Newborns Screening Laboratory Tests for Sickle Cell Disease and Other Haemoglobinopathies in Tanzania. Blood. 2019;134(Supplement1):4817\u20134817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2019-129900.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19108","volume":"204","author":"A Guindo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guindo A, Cisse Z, Keita I, Desmonde S, Sarro YDS, Tour\u00e9 BA, et al. Potential for a large-scale newborn screening strategy for sickle cell disease in Mali: A comparative diagnostic performance study of two rapid diagnostic tests (SickleScan \u00ae and HemotypeSC \u00ae) on cord blood. Br J Haematol. 2024;204(1):337\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.19108.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513","volume":"32","author":"U Bronfenbrenner","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. Am Psychol. 1977;32(7):513\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"316_CR25","unstructured":"Seabold A, Van der Westhuizen HM, Luchyshyn A, Roberts N, Schuh A. Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Implementation Considerations for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Screening Programs in Countries with a High SCD Burden [Internet]. 2025 Feb 7 [cited 2026 Jul 28]. Available from: https:\/\/osf.io\/2zjk5"},{"issue":"8","key":"316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00118-7","volume":"10","author":"AM Thomson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomson AM, McHugh TA, Oron AP, Teply C, Lonberg N, Tella VV, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Haematol. 2023;10(8):e585\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00118-7","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"316_CR27","unstructured":"Determining the review question [Internet]. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. 2025 Mar [cited 2026 Jun 8]. Available from: https:\/\/jbi-global-wiki.refined.site\/space\/MANUAL\/863895732\/jbi-global-wiki.refined.site"},{"key":"316_CR28","unstructured":"Covidence [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 23]. Covidence - Better systematic review management. Available from: https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/"},{"key":"316_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-181","volume":"12","author":"A Tong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tong A, Flemming K, McInnes E, Oliver S, Craig J. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-12-181","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"316_CR30","unstructured":"CASP - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 9]. Qualitative Studies Checklist - CASP. Available from: https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\/qualitative-studies-checklist\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"316_CR32","unstructured":"NVivo. by Lumivero | Qualitative data analysis (QDA) software. Lumivero [Internet]. [cited 2026 Jun 6]. Available from: https:\/\/lumivero.com\/products\/nvivo\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0688-3","volume":"13","author":"S Lewin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewin S, Booth A, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Rashidian A, Wainwright M, et al. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series. Implement Sci. 2018;13(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-017-0688-3.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"316_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saidu Y, Masong MC, Francoise N, Ngenge BM, Ndansi E, Foma MK. Sickle cell disease in Cameroon: taking out the \u2018neglect\u2019 and highlighting key opportunities for sustainable control. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003668.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003668"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns7010012","volume":"7","author":"D Bukini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bukini D, Nkya S, McCurdy S, Mbekenga C, Manji K, Parker M, et al. Perspectives on Building Sustainable Newborn Screening Programs for Sickle Cell Disease: Experience from Tanzania. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2021;7(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns7010012","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"issue":"3","key":"316_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057623","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057623","volume":"12","author":"NM Archer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Archer NM, Inusa B, Makani J, Nkya S, Tshilolo L, Tubman VN, et al. Enablers and barriers to newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Africa: results from a qualitative study involving programmes in six countries. BMJ Open. 2022;12(3):e057623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057623","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"316_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns4040033","volume":"4","author":"BPD Inusa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inusa BPD, Anie KA, Lamont A, Dogara LG, Ojo B, Ijei I, et al. Utilising the \u2018Getting to Outcomes\u00ae\u2019 Framework in Community Engagement for Development and Implementation of Sickle Cell Disease Newborn Screening in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2018;4(4):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns4040033","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"key":"316_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333794X1663776","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X16637767","volume":"3","author":"NS Green","year":"2016","unstructured":"Green NS, Mathur S, Kiguli S, Makani J, Fashakin V, LaRussa P, et al. Family, Community, and Health System Considerations for Reducing the Burden of Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease in Uganda Through Newborn Screening. Glob Pediatr Health. 2016;3:2333794X16637767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333794X16637767","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"316_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303520","volume":"19","author":"ST Chatio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chatio ST, Duah E, Ababio LO, Lister N, Egbujo O, Marfo K, et al. Barriers and facilitators to community acceptability of integrating point-of-care testing to screen for sickle cell disease in children in primary healthcare settings in rural Upper East Region of Northern Ghana. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0303520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0303520","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"316_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001800","volume":"42","author":"V Fashakin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fashakin V, Mathur S, Kwagala P, Mupere E, Kiguli S, Kitaka SB, et al. Parental Notification Via Text Messaging for Infant Sickle Screening Programs: Exploration of Feasibility and Acceptability in Uganda. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020;42(7):e593\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001800","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-020-00482-4","volume":"12","author":"D Bukini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bukini D, Mbekenga C, Nkya S, Malasa L, McCurdy S, Manji K, et al. Influence of gender norms in relation to child\u2019s quality of care: follow-up of families of children with SCD identified through NBS in Tanzania. J Community Genet. 2021;12(1):143\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-020-00482-4","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"key":"316_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bukini DA, Msirikale I, Kanza C, Odengo J, Maingu D, Masamu U et al. The contribution of social and family networks in supporting care of children with sickle cell disease in Tanzania. medRxiv. 2022;((Bukini, Msirikale, Kanza, Odengo, Maingu, Masamu, Makani) Sickle Cell Programme, Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania(Manji) Department of Pediatrics and Child Health). Located at: 2021628959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.11.01.22281740","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.01.22281740"},{"key":"316_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bukini D, Msirikale I, Marco E, Msangawale M, Chirande L, Mbekenga C et al. Communicating sickle cell trait results after newborn screening: Approaches and implications to families. medRxiv. 2022;((Bukini, Msirikale, Marco, Msangawale, Makani) Sickle Pan African Research Consortium, Clinical Coordinating Centre(Bukini, Makani) Sickle Cell Programme, Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences). Located at: 2021628958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.10.30.22281739","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.30.22281739"},{"issue":"6","key":"316_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-022-00609-9","volume":"13","author":"MO Ampomah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ampomah MO, Atkin K, Flemming K. The perception of parents with a child with sickle cell disease in Ghana towards prenatal diagnosis. J Community Genet. 2022;13(6):587\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-022-00609-9","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"316_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-016-0267-3","volume":"7","author":"KA Anie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anie KA, Treadwell MJ, Grant AM, Dennis-Antwi JA, Asafo MK, Lamptey ME, et al. Community engagement to inform the development of a sickle cell counselor training and certification program in Ghana. J Community Genet. 2016;7(3):195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12687-016-0267-3","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"316_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-024-01553-7","volume":"32","author":"NS Munung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munung NS, Kamga KK, Treadwell MJ, Dennis-Antwi J, Anie KA, Bukini D, et al. Perceptions and preferences for genetic testing for sickle cell disease or trait: a qualitative study in Cameroon, Ghana and Tanzania. Eur J Hum Genet. 2024;32(10):1307\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41431-024-01553-7","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-014-9759-7","volume":"24","author":"MJ Treadwell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Treadwell MJ, Anie KA, Grant AM, Ofori-Acquah SF, Ohene-Frempong K. Using formative research to develop a counselor training program for newborn screening in Ghana. J Genet Couns. 2015;24(2):267\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10897-014-9759-7","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"key":"316_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dennis-Antwi JA, Ohene-Frempong K, Anie KA, Dzikunu H, Agyare VA, Boadu RO, et al. Relation Between Religious Perspectives and Views on Sickle Cell Disease Research and Associated Public Health Interventions in Ghana. J Genet Couns. 2018;9206865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10897-018-0296-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-018-0296-7"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"316_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2010.531249","volume":"16","author":"JA Dennis-Antwi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dennis-Antwi JA, Culley L, Hiles DR, Dyson SM. I can die today, I can die tomorrow\u2019: lay perceptions of sickle cell disease in Kumasi, Ghana at a point of transition. Ethn Health. 2011;16(4\u20135):465\u201381.","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740490448939","volume":"23","author":"D Fullwiley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fullwiley D. Discriminate biopower and everyday biopolitics: views on sickle cell testing in Dakar. Med Anthropol. 2004;23(2):157\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01459740490448939.","journal-title":"Med Anthropol"},{"key":"316_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Udhayashankar K, Franklin PD, Nuta CJ, Cherue AK, Haq H, Thompson D, et al. Determinants of retention in care of newborns diagnosed with sickle cell disease in Liberia: results from a mixed-methods study of caregivers. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001705.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001705"},{"key":"316_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-022-00896-4","volume":"18","author":"A Kentikelenis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kentikelenis A, Ghaffar A, McKee M, Dal Zennaro L, Stuckler D. Donor support for Health Policy and Systems Research: barriers to financing and opportunities for overcoming them. Glob Health. 2022;18:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12992-022-00896-4","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"316_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmhs.2025.100110","volume":"5","author":"G Bloom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bloom G, Husain L, Ren M. Global health governance in transition: A time for new leadership, new ideas, new partnerships. SSM - Health Syst. 2025;5:100110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmhs.2025.100110.","journal-title":"SSM - Health Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"316_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac063","volume":"37","author":"HE Huffstetler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huffstetler HE, Bandara S, Bharali I, Kennedy Mcdade K, Mao W, Guo F, et al. The impacts of donor transitions on health systems in middle-income countries: a scoping review. Health Policy Plan. 2022;37(9):1188\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czac063","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"316_CR55","volume-title":"Transitions from donor funding to domestic reliance for HIV responses","author":"D Burrows","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burrows D, Oberth G, Parsons D, McCallum L. Transitions from donor funding to domestic reliance for HIV responses. Mar: APMGlobal Health and Aidspan; 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"316_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-18-00425","volume":"7","author":"G Gotsadze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gotsadze G, Chikovani I, Sulaberidze L, Gotsadze T, Goguadze K, Tavanxhi N. The Challenges of Transition From Donor-Funded Programs: Results From a Theory-Driven Multi-Country Comparative Case Study of Programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia Supported by the Global Fund. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2019;7(2):258\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9745\/GHSP-D-18-00425","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract"},{"key":"316_CR57","unstructured":"Dickinson D. A Different Kind of AIDS: Folk and Lay Theories in South African Townships. Jacana Media; 2014. p. 359."},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns12010008","volume":"12","author":"BL Therrell","year":"2026","unstructured":"Therrell BL. Newborn Screening for Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias: Brief History, Recent Activities, and Global Status\u20142026. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2026;12(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns12010008.","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns12010004","volume":"12","author":"LM Shook","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shook LM, Ware RE. Advances and Gaps in Global Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2026;12(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijns12010004.","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen"},{"issue":"1","key":"316_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"yoag004","DOI":"10.1093\/jscdis\/yoag004","volume":"3","author":"A Seabold","year":"2026","unstructured":"Seabold A, Rudan I, Houghton JM, Chirande L, Schuh A, van der Westhuizen HM. A call to standardize the definition of countries with a high-burden of sickle cell disease. J Sick Cell Dis. 2026;3(1):yoag004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscdis\/yoag004.","journal-title":"J Sick Cell Dis"},{"key":"316_CR61","unstructured":"Canva [Internet]. [cited 2026 Jan 11]. Canva. Available from: https:\/\/www.canva.com\/"},{"key":"316_CR62","unstructured":"Datawrapper [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 16]. Datawrapper: Create charts, maps, and tables. Available from: https:\/\/www.datawrapper.de\/"}],"container-title":["BMC Global and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:03:28Z","timestamp":1791482608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44263-026-00316-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-913X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-913X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"98"}}