{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:33:33Z","timestamp":1767339213269},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]],"date-time":"2002-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]],"date-time":"2002-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:42:27Z","timestamp":1034361747000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Universal sequence map (USM) of arbitrary discrete sequences"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jonas S","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Vinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00145-X","volume":"29","author":"R Rom\u00e1n-Rold\u00e1n","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n-Rold\u00e1n R, Bernaola-Galv\u00e1n P, Oliver JL: Application of information theory to DNA sequence analysis: a review. Pattern Recognition 1996, 29: 1187\u20131194. 10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00145-X","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"16_CR2","first-page":"149","volume":"31","author":"A Nady","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nady A: Recent investigations into global characteristics of long DNA sequences. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1994, 31: 149\u2013155.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"16_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.769757","volume":"29","author":"P Ti\u00f2o","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ti\u00f2o P: Spatial representation of symbolic sequences through iterative function systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics \u2013 Part A: Systems and Humans 1999, 29: 386\u2013393. 10.1109\/3468.769757","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics \u2013 Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"key":"16_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000321","volume":"19","author":"MC Enright","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enright MC, Knox K, Griffiths D, Crook DWM, Spratt BG: Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae directly from cerebrospinal fluid. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2001, 19: 627\u2013630. 10.1007\/s100960000321","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.8.2163","volume":"18","author":"HJ Jeffrey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jeffrey HJ: Chaos game representation of gene structure. Nucleic Acid Res. 1990, 18: 2163\u20132170.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Res"},{"key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1139\/g97-047","volume":"40","author":"AK Hill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hill AK, SM Singh: The evolution of species-type specificity in the global DNA sequence organization of mitochondrial genomes. Genome 1997, 40: 342\u2013356. 10.1006\/geno.1996.4574","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"16_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036141096306911","volume":"29","author":"B Forte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forte B, Mendivil F, Vrscay ER: \"Chaos games\" for iterated function systems with grey level maps. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1998, 29: 878\u2013890. 10.1137\/S0036141096306911","journal-title":"SIAM J. Math. Anal"},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(94)80109-6","volume":"12","author":"A Fiser","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fiser A, Tusn\u00e1dy GE, Simon I: Chaos game representation of protein structures. Mol. Graphics 1994, 12: 302\u2013304. 10.1016\/0263-7855(94)80109-6","journal-title":"Mol. Graphics"},{"key":"16_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026048","volume":"16","author":"PJ Deschavanne","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deschavanne PJ, Giron A, Vilain J, Fagot G, Fertil B: Genomic sigature: characterization and classification of species assessed by chaos game representation of sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1999, 16: 1391\u20131399.","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol"},{"key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02728525","volume":"23","author":"A Roy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roy A, Raychaudhury C, Nandy A: Novel techniques of graphical representation and analysis of DNA sequences \u2013 a review. J. Biosci. 1998, 23: 55\u201371.","journal-title":"J. Biosci"},{"key":"16_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790492","volume-title":"Biological Sequence Analysis \u2013 Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids","author":"R Durbin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Durbin R, Eddy S, Krogh A, Mitchison G: Biological Sequence Analysis \u2013 Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998."},{"key":"16_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.5.429","volume":"17","author":"JS Almeida","year":"2001","unstructured":"Almeida JS, Carri\u00e7o JA, Maretzek A, Noble PA, Fletcher M: Analysis of genomic sequences by chaos game representation. J. Bioinformatics 2001, 17: 429\u2013437. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.5.429","journal-title":"J. Bioinformatics"},{"key":"16_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.10.2487","volume":"21","author":"N. Goldman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goldman N.: Nucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide frequencies explain patterns observed in chaos game representations of DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993, 21: 2487\u20132491.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"16_CR14","volume-title":"Serious Concerns,","author":"W Cope","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cope W: Serious Concerns, Faber & Faber Inc 1993."},{"key":"16_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1093-3263(97)00106-X","volume":"15","author":"S Basu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Basu S, Pan A, Dutta C, Das J: Chaos game representation of proteins. J. Mol. Graph. Model. 1997, 15: 279. 10.1016\/S1093-3263(97)00106-X","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model"},{"key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150181504","volume":"18","author":"KP Plei\u03b2ner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Plei\u03b2ner KP, Wernisch L, Oswald H, Fleck E: Representation of amino acid sequences as two-dimensional point patterns. Electrophoresis 1997, 18: 2709\u20132713.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"16_CR17","first-page":"109","volume":"1","author":"VV Solovyev","year":"1993","unstructured":"Solovyev VV, Korolev SV, Lim HA: A new approach for the classification of functional regions of DNA sequences based on fractal representation. Int. J. Genom. Res. 1993, 1: 109\u2013128.","journal-title":"Int. J. Genom. Res"},{"key":"16_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(94)90017-5","volume":"15","author":"R Rom\u00e1n-Rold\u00e1n","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n-Rold\u00e1n R, Bernaola-Galv\u00e1n P, Oliver JL: Entropic feature for sequence pattern through iterated function systems. Pattern Recognition Letters 1994, 15: 567\u2013573. 10.1016\/0167-8655(94)90017-5","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"16_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1993.1030","volume":"160","author":"JL Oliver","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oliver JL, Bernaola-Galv\u00e1n P, Guerrero-Garcia J, Rom\u00e1Rol\u00e1n R: Entropic profiles of DNA sequences through chaos-game-derived images . J. Theor. Biol. 1993, 160: 457\u2013470. 10.1006\/jtbi.1993.1030","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol"},{"key":"16_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(96)00158-6","volume":"39","author":"RA Mata-Toledo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mata-Toledo RA, Willis M: Visualization of random sequences using the chaos game algorithm. J. Systems Software 1997, 39: 3\u20136. 10.1016\/S0164-1212(96)00158-6","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"},{"key":"16_CR21","volume-title":"Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Probability and Mathematical Statistics","author":"BC Arnold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arnold BC, Balakrishnan N, Nagaraja HN: A first course in order statistics. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Probability and Mathematical Statistics John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1992."},{"key":"16_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5507.1260","volume":"291","author":"DS Roos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roos DS: Bioinformatics \u2013 trying to swim in a sea of data. Science 2001, 291: 1260\u20131261. 10.1126\/science.291.5507.1260","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"16_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058040","volume":"291","author":"JC Venter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Venter JC, et al.: The sequence of the human genome. Science 2001, 291: 1304\u20131351. 10.1126\/science.1058040","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["BMC Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T15:04:55Z","timestamp":1714057495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-3-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2001","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2002","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2002","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"6"}}