{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T08:22:03Z","timestamp":1778401323914,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dev Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite the detailed knowledge obtained over the last decade on the molecular regulation of gastrulation in amniotes, the process of amnion development has been poorly described and illustrated in mice, and conflicting descriptions exist. Understanding the morphogenesis and development not only of the early mouse embryo, but also of its extraembryonic tissues, is crucial for correctly interpreting fate-mapping data and mouse mutants with gastrulation defects. Moreover, the recent isolation from amnion of cells with stem cell features further argues for a better understanding of the process of amnion formation. Here, we revisit the highly dynamic process of amnion formation in the mouse. Amnion development starts early during gastrulation and is intimately related to the formation of the exocoelom and the expansion of the amniotic fold. The authoritative description involves the fusion of two amniotic folds, a big posterior and a smaller anterior fold. We challenged this 'two amniotic folds' model by performing detailed histomorphological analyses of dissected, staged embryos and 3D reconstructions using historical sections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A posterior fold of extraembryonic ectoderm and associated epiblast is formed early during gastrulation by accumulation of extraembryonic mesoderm posterior to the primitive streak. Previously called the \"posterior amniotic fold\", we rename it the \"amniochorionic fold\" (ACF) because it forms both amnion and chorion. Exocoelom formation within the ACF seems not to involve apoptosis within the mesoderm. The ACF and exocoelom expand without disrupting the anterior junction of epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. No separate anterior fold is formed; its absence was confirmed in 3D reconstructions. Amnion and chorion closure is eccentric, close to the anterior margin of the egg cylinder: we name it the \"anterior separation point\".<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Here, we reconcile previous descriptions of amnion formation and provide new nomenclature, as well as an animation, that clarify and emphasize the arrangement of the tissues that contribute to amnion development and the dynamics of the process. According to our data, the amnion and the chorion are formed by a single amniochorionic fold initiated posteriorly. Finally, we give an overview on mutant mouse models with impaired amnion development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213x-11-48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T18:20:06Z","timestamp":1312309206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Amnion formation in the mouse embryo: the single amniochorionic fold model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paulo NG","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariya P","family":"Dobreva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Huylebroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kirstie A","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"AN","family":"Zwijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"647_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77300-6_1","volume":"127","author":"W Schmidt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schmidt W: The amniotic fluid compartment: the fetal habitat. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 1992, 127: 1-100.","journal-title":"Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol"},{"key":"647_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-35803-9_8","volume":"9","author":"RL Gardner","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gardner RL: The relationship between cell lineage and differentiation in the early mouse embryo. Results Probl Cell Differ. 1978, 9: 205-41.","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"647_CR3","volume-title":"The Atlas of Mouse Development","author":"MH Kaufman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaufman MH: The Atlas of Mouse Development. 1992, London: Academic Press"},{"key":"647_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.4.1079","volume":"119","author":"EL George","year":"1993","unstructured":"George EL, Georges-Labouesse EN, Patel-King RS, Rayburn H, Hynes RO: Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in mouse embryos lacking fibronectin. Development. 1993, 119: 1079-91.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20425","volume":"233","author":"N Gersdorff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gersdorff N, Muller M, Otto S, Poschadel R, Hubner S, Miosge N: Basement membrane composition in the early mouse embryo day 7. Dev Dyn. 2005, 233: 1140-8. 10.1002\/dvdy.20425.","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"647_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.11.3587","volume":"122","author":"N Suzuki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Labosky PA, Furuta Y, Hargett L, Dunn R, Fogo AB, Takahara K, Peters DM, Greenspan DS, Hogan BL: Failure of ventral body wall closure in mouse embryos lacking a procollagen C-proteinase encoded by Bmp1, a mammalian gene related to Drosophila tolloid. Development. 1996, 122: 3587-95.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR7","first-page":"607","volume":"14","author":"JN Scott","year":"1982","unstructured":"Scott JN, Ream LJ, Pendergrass PB: Developmental changes in the mouse amnion: a SEM study. J Submicrosc Cytol. 1982, 14: 607-12.","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol"},{"key":"647_CR8","first-page":"575","volume":"36","author":"A Tamarin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tamarin A, Boyde A: Three-dimensional anatomy of the 8-day mouse concepts: a study by scanning electron microscopy. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1976, 36: 575-96.","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"647_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.092935md","volume":"54","author":"MP Dobreva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dobreva MP, Pereira PN, Deprest J, Zwijsen A: On the origin of amniotic stem cells: of mice and men. Int J Dev Biol. 2010, 54: 761-77. 10.1387\/ijdb.092935md.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"647_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91212-5","volume":"2","author":"CA Akle","year":"1981","unstructured":"Akle CA, Adinolfi M, Welsh KI, Leibowitz S, McColl I: Immunogenicity of human amniotic epithelial cells after transplantation into volunteers. Lancet. 1981, 2: 1003-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"647_CR11","first-page":"1539","volume":"42","author":"M Kubo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kubo M, Sonoda Y, Muramatsu R, Usui M: Immunogenicity of human amniotic membrane in experimental xenotransplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001, 42: 1539-46.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"647_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CR0070034","volume":"105","author":"A Toda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toda A, Okabe M, Yoshida T, Nikaido T: The potential of amniotic membrane\/amnion-derived cells for regeneration of various tissues. J Pharmacol Sci. 2007, 105: 215-28. 10.1254\/jphs.CR0070034.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"647_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.03.017","volume":"75","author":"T Miki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miki T, Mitamura K, Ross MA, Stolz DB, Strom SC: Identification of stem cell marker-positive cells by immunofluorescence in term human amnion. J Reprod Immunol. 2007, 75: 91-6. 10.1016\/j.jri.2007.03.017.","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"647_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.09.009","volume":"30","author":"S Ilancheran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilancheran S, Moodley Y, Manuelpillai U: Human fetal membranes: a source of stem cells for tissue regeneration and repair?. Placenta. 2009, 30: 2-10.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"647_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00221.x","volume":"12","author":"AJ Marcus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcus AJ, Woodbury D: Fetal stem cells from extra-embryonic tissues: do not discard. J Cell Mol Med. 2008, 12: 730-42. 10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00221.x.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"647_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-006-0020-0","volume":"2","author":"T Miki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miki T, Strom SC: Amnion-derived pluripotent\/multipotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rev. 2006, 2: 133-42. 10.1007\/s12015-006-0020-0.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev"},{"key":"647_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0594","volume":"26","author":"O Parolini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parolini O, Alviano F, Bagnara GP, Bilic G, Buhring HJ, Evangelista M, Hennerbichler S, Liu B, Magatti M, Mao N, Miki T, Marongiu F, Nakajima H, Nikaido T, Portmann-Lanz CB, Sankar V, Soncini M, Stadler G, Surbek D, Takahashi TA, Redl H, Sakuragawa N, Wolbank S, Zeisberger S, Zisch A, Strom SC: Concise review: isolation and characterization of cells from human term placenta: outcome of the first international Workshop on Placenta Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells. 2008, 26: 300-11. 10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0594.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"647_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-182105","volume":"113","author":"A Ditadi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ditadi A, de Coppi P, Picone O, Gautreau L, Smati R, Six E, Bonhomme D, Ezine S, Frydman R, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Andr\u00e9-Schmutz I: Human and murine amniotic fluid c-Kit+Lin- cells display hematopoietic activity. Blood. 2009, 113: 3953-60. 10.1182\/blood-2008-10-182105.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"647_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00194.x","volume":"76","author":"AJ Marcus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcus AJ, Coyne TM, Rauch J, Woodbury D, Black IB: Isolation, characterization, and differentiation of stem cells derived from the rat amniotic membrane. Differentiation. 2008, 76: 130-44. 10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00194.x.","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"647_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050860303","volume":"86","author":"K Bonnevie","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bonnevie K: New facts on mesoderm formation and proamnion derivatives in the normal mouse embryo. Journal of Morphology. 1950, 86: 495-545. 10.1002\/jmor.1050860303.","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"key":"647_CR21","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Biology of the Laboratory Mouse","author":"GD Snell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Snell GD, Stevens LC: Early Embryology. Biology of the Laboratory Mouse. 1966, MG-H NY, 205-245. 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"647_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80560-7","volume":"96","author":"RS Beddington","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beddington RS, Robertson EJ: Axis development and early asymmetry in mammals. Cell. 1999, 96: 195-209. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80560-7.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"647_CR23","first-page":"55","volume":"165","author":"RSP Beddington","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beddington RSP: Three-dimensional representation of gastrulation in the mouse. Ciba Foundation Symposium. 1992, 165: 55-60.","journal-title":"Ciba Foundation Symposium"},{"key":"647_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.3.829","volume":"118","author":"CA Burdsal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burdsal CA, Damsky CH, Pedersen RA: The role of E-cadherin and integrins in mesoderm differentiation and migration at the mammalian primitive streak. Development. 1993, 118: 829-44.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.3.891","volume":"113","author":"KA Lawson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lawson KA, Meneses JJ, Pedersen RA: Clonal analysis of epiblast fate during germ layer formation in the mouse embryo. Development. 1991, 113: 891-911.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR26","first-page":"141","volume":"52","author":"RL Gardner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gardner RL, Rossant J: Investigation of the fate of 4-5 day post-coitum mouse inner cell mass cells by blastocyst injection. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1979, 52: 141-52.","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"647_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.21.4691","volume":"126","author":"SJ Kinder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kinder SJ, Tsang TE, Quinlan GA, Hadjantonakis AK, Nagy A, Tam PP: The orderly allocation of mesodermal cells to the extraembryonic structures and the anteroposterior axis during gastrulation of the mouse embryo. Development. 1999, 126: 4691-701.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.99.1.109","volume":"99","author":"PP Tam","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tam PP, Beddington RS: The formation of mesodermal tissues in the mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Development. 1987, 99: 109-26.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978986","volume":"78","author":"J Sobotta","year":"1911","unstructured":"Sobotta J: Die Entwicklung des Eies der Maus vom ersten Auftreten des Mesoderms an bis zen Ausbildung der Embryonalanlage und dem Auftreten der Allantois. Arch Mikroskop Anat. 1911, 78: 271-352. 10.1007\/BF02978986.","journal-title":"Arch Mikroskop Anat"},{"key":"647_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88418-4","volume-title":"The House Mouse, Atlas of Embryonic Development","author":"K Theiler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Theiler K: The House Mouse, Atlas of Embryonic Development. 1989, New York: Springer-Verlag"},{"key":"647_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02497","volume":"133","author":"EA Bosman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bosman EA, Lawson KA, Debruyn J, Beek L, Francis A, Schoonjans L, Huylebroeck D, Zwijsen A: Smad5 determines murine amnion fate through the control of bone morphogenetic protein expression and signalling levels. Development. 2006, 133: 3399-409. 10.1242\/dev.02497.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.8.1631","volume":"126","author":"H Chang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chang H, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Guo Q, Matzuk MM, Zwijsen A: Smad5 knockout mice die at mid-gestation due to multiple embryonic and extraembryonic defects. Development. 1999, 126: 1631-42.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0162","volume":"177","author":"X Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang X, Bornslaeger EA, Haub O, Tomihara-Newberger C, Lonberg N, Dinulos MB, Disteche CM, Copeland N, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Lacy E: A candidate gene for the amnionless gastrulation stage mouse mutation encodes a TRAF-related protein. Dev Biol. 1996, 177: 274-90. 10.1006\/dbio.1996.0162.","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"647_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.10.2977","volume":"122","author":"H Zhang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang H, Bradley A: Mice deficient for BMP2 are nonviable and have defects in amnion\/chorion and cardiac development. Development. 1996, 122: 2977-86.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90169-8","volume":"83","author":"E Coucouvanis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Coucouvanis E, Martin GR: Signals for death and survival: a two-step mechanism for cavitation in the vertebrate embryo. Cell. 1995, 83: 279-87. 10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90169-8.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"647_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00243-3","volume":"81","author":"BG Ciruna","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ciruna BG, Rossant J: Expression of the T-box gene Eomesodermin during early mouse development. Mech Dev. 1999, 81: 199-203. 10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00243-3.","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"647_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21438","volume":"237","author":"KM Downs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Downs KM: Systematic localization of Oct-3\/4 to the gastrulating mouse conceptus suggests manifold roles in mammalian development. Dev Dyn. 2008, 237: 464-75. 10.1002\/dvdy.21438.","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"647_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.4.1255","volume":"118","author":"KM Downs","year":"1993","unstructured":"Downs KM, Davies T: Staging of gastrulating mouse embryos by morphological landmarks in the dissecting microscope. Development. 1993, 118: 1255-66.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR39","first-page":"293","volume":"42","author":"MHL Snow","year":"1977","unstructured":"Snow MHL: Gastrulation in the mouse: Growth and regionalization of the epiblast. J Embryol Expl Morphol. 1977, 42: 293-303.","journal-title":"J Embryol Expl Morphol"},{"key":"647_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.01.026","volume":"14","author":"D Mesnard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mesnard D, Filipe M, Belo JA, Zernicka-Goetz M: The anterior-posterior axis emerges respecting the morphology of the mouse embryo that changes and aligns with the uterus before gastrulation. Curr Biol. 2004, 14: 184-96.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"647_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.01.030","volume":"14","author":"A Perea-Gomez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perea-Gomez A, Camus A, Moreau A, Grieve K, Moneron G, Dubois A, Cibert C, Collignon J: Initiation of gastrulation in the mouse embryo is preceded by an apparent shift in the orientation of the anterior-posterior axis. Curr Biol. 2004, 14: 197-207.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"647_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0400-0","volume":"67","author":"B Strilic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strilic B, Kucera T, Lammert E: Formation of cardiovascular tubes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010, 67: 3209-18. 10.1007\/s00018-010-0400-0.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"647_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.12.006","volume":"18","author":"AC Zovein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zovein AC, Luque A, Turlo KA, Hofmann JJ, Yee KM, Becker MS, Fassler R, Mellman I, Lane TF, Iruela-Arispe ML: Beta1 integrin establishes endothelial cell polarity and arteriolar lumen formation via a Par3-dependent mechanism. Dev Cell. 2010, 18: 39-51. 10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.12.006.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"647_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.2.155","volume":"128","author":"M Mahlapuu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mahlapuu M, Ormestad M, Enerback S, Carlsson P: The forkhead transcription factor Foxf1 is required for differentiation of extra-embryonic and lateral plate mesoderm. Development. 2001, 128: 155-66.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.11.015","volume":"349","author":"M Shibata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shibata M, Garcia-Garcia MJ: The mouse KRAB zinc-finger protein CHATO is required in embryonic-derived tissues to control yolk sac and placenta morphogenesis. Dev Biol. 2011, 349: 331-41. 10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.11.015.","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"647_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20281","volume":"45","author":"KE Inman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inman KE, Downs KM: The murine allantois: emerging paradigms in development of the mammalian umbilical cord and its relation to the fetus. Genesis. 2007, 45: 237-58. 10.1002\/dvg.20281.","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"647_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.01.015","volume":"26","author":"JC Cross","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cross JC: How to make a placenta: mechanisms of trophoblast cell differentiation in mice--a review. Placenta. 2005, 26 (Suppl A): S3-9.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"647_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1098","volume":"33","author":"SM Tanner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanner SM, Aminoff M, Wright FA, Liyanarachchi S, Kuronen M, Saarinen A, Massika O, Mandel H, Broch H, de la Chapelle A: Amnionless, essential for mouse gastrulation, is mutated in recessive hereditary megaloblastic anemia. Nat Genet. 2003, 33: 426-9. 10.1038\/ng1098.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"647_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/86912","volume":"27","author":"S Kalantry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalantry S, Manning S, Haub O, Tomihara-Newberger C, Lee HG, Fangman J, Disteche CM, Manova K, Lacy E: The amnionless gene, essential for mouse gastrulation, encodes a visceral-endoderm-specific protein with an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Nat Genet. 2001, 27: 412-6. 10.1038\/86912.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"647_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00367-7","volume":"104","author":"H Chang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chang H, Matzuk MM: Smad5 is required for mouse primordial germ cell development. Mech Dev. 2001, 104: 61-7. 10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00367-7.","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"647_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-11","volume":"7","author":"F Alviano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alviano F, Fossati V, Marchionni C, Arpinati M, Bonsi L, Franchina M, Lanzoni G, Cantoni S, Cavallini C, Bianchi F, Tazzari PL, Pasquinelli G, Foroni L, Ventura C, Grossi A, Bagnara GP: Term Amniotic membrane is a high throughput source for multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro. BMC Dev Biol. 2007, 7: 11-10.1186\/1471-213X-7-11.","journal-title":"BMC Dev Biol"},{"key":"647_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.055244","volume":"77","author":"S Ilancheran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ilancheran S, Michalska A, Peh G, Wallace EM, Pera M, Manuelpillai U: Stem cells derived from human fetal membranes display multilineage differentiation potential. Biol Reprod. 2007, 77: 577-88. 10.1095\/biolreprod.106.055244.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"647_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3727\/096368908784153904","volume":"17","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Yakuwa T, Sasaki K, Sato K, Kikuchi A, Kamo I, Yokoyama Y, Sakuragawa N: Multilineage potential of side population cells from human amnion mesenchymal layer. Cell Transplant. 2008, 17: 291-301. 10.3727\/096368908784153904.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"647_CR54","unstructured":"Edinburgh Mouse Atlas Project: Staging Definitions. [http:\/\/www.emouseatlas.org\/emap\/ema\/theiler_stages\/StageDefinition\/stagecriteria.html]"},{"key":"647_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90162-B","volume":"9","author":"B Rosen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rosen B, Beddington RS: Whole-mount in situ hybridization in the mouse embryo: gene expression in three dimensions. Trends Genet. 1993, 9: 162-7. 10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90162-B.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"647_CR56","unstructured":"Edinburgh Mouse Atlas Project: Database Software. [http:\/\/www.emouseatlas.org\/emap\/ema\/protocols\/image_processing\/ip_method1.html]"},{"key":"647_CR57","unstructured":"Edinburgh Mouse Atlas Project: Software MAPaint. [http:\/\/www.emouseatlas.org\/emap\/analysis_tools_resources\/software\/eMAP-apps.html]"},{"key":"647_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.26.7.421","volume":"26","author":"D Donnai","year":"1989","unstructured":"Donnai D, Winter RM: Disorganisation: a model for 'early amnion rupture'?. J Med Genet. 1989, 26: 421-5. 10.1136\/jmg.26.7.421.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"647_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971231)73:4<425::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"73","author":"NH Robin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robin NH, Abbadi N, McCandless SE, Nadeau JH: Disorganization in mice and humans and its relation to sporadic birth defects. Am J Med Genet. 1997, 73: 425-36. 10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971231)73:4<425::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-T.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"647_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00057-9","volume":"65","author":"PR Hoyt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hoyt PR, Bartholomew C, Davis AJ, Yutzey K, Gamer LW, Potter SS, Ihle JN, Mucenski ML: The Evi1 proto-oncogene is required at midgestation for neural, heart, and paraxial mesenchyme development. Mech Dev. 1997, 65: 55-70. 10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00057-9.","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"647_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00225","volume":"130","author":"M Mukhopadhyay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay M, Teufel A, Yamashita T, Agulnick AD, Chen L, Downs KM, Schindler A, Grinberg A, Huang SP, Dorward D, Westphal H: Functional ablation of the mouse Ldb1 gene results in severe patterning defects during gastrulation. Development. 2003, 130: 495-505. 10.1242\/dev.00225.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"647_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.3.901-915.2002","volume":"22","author":"M Hagel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hagel M, George EL, Kim A, Tamimi R, Opitz SL, Turner CE, Imamoto A, Thomas SM: The adaptor protein paxillin is essential for normal development in the mouse and is a critical transducer of fibronectin signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 2002, 22: 901-15. 10.1128\/MCB.22.3.901-915.2002.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"647_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80283-4","volume":"89","author":"F Shalaby","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shalaby F, Ho J, Stanford WL, Fischer KD, Schuh AC, Schwartz L, Bernstein A, Rossant J: A requirement for Flk1 in primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis. Cell. 1997, 89: 981-90. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80283-4.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"647_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00123-8","volume":"68","author":"PP Tam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tam PP, Behringer RR: Mouse gastrulation: the formation of a mammalian body plan. Mech Dev. 1997, 68: 3-25. 10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00123-8.","journal-title":"Mech Dev"}],"container-title":["BMC Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-213X-11-48.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T15:40:45Z","timestamp":1630510845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-213X-11-48"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-213x-11-48","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-213X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-213X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"48"}}