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The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region, but the Arab trans-Saharan slave trade could have facilitate enormously this migration of lineages. Till now, the genetic consequences of these forced trans-Saharan movements of people have not been ascertained.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The distribution of the main L haplogroups in North Africa clearly reflects the known trans-Saharan slave routes: West is dominated by L1b, L2b, L2c, L2d, L3b and L3d; the Center by L3e and some L3f and L3w; the East by L0a, L3h, L3i, L3x and, in common with the Center, L3f and L3w; while, L2a is almost everywhere. Ages for the haplogroups observed in both sides of the Saharan desert testify the recent origin (holocenic) of these haplogroups in sub-Saharan Africa, claiming a recent introduction in North Africa, further strengthened by the no detection of local expansions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Sub-Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]],"date-time":"2010-05-11T06:15:03Z","timestamp":1273558503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["The trans-Saharan slave trade - clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nourdin","family":"Harich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta D","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana B","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno M","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1354_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-63","volume":"9","author":"V Cern\u00fd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cern\u00fd V, Fernandes V, Costa MD, H\u00e1jek M, Mulligan CJ, Pereira L: Migration of Chadic speaking pastoralists within Africa based on population structure of Chad Basin and phylogeography of mitochondrial L3f haplogroup. 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