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Both members of the <jats:italic>SLC11<\/jats:italic> gene family have been clearly identified in tetrapods; however <jats:italic>SLC11A1<\/jats:italic> has never been documented in teleost fish and is believed to have been lost in this lineage during early vertebrate evolution. In the present work we characterized the <jats:italic>SLC11<\/jats:italic> genes in teleosts and evaluated if the roles attributed to mammalian <jats:italic>SLC11<\/jats:italic> genes are assured by other fish specific <jats:italic>SLC11<\/jats:italic> gene members.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two different <jats:italic>SLC11<\/jats:italic> genes were isolated in the European sea bass (<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus. labrax<\/jats:italic>), and named <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, since both were found to be evolutionary closer to tetrapods <jats:italic>SLC11A2<\/jats:italic>, through phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Induction of <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b2<\/jats:italic> in sea bass, upon iron modulation or exposure to <jats:italic>Photobacterium damselae<\/jats:italic> spp. <jats:italic>piscicida<\/jats:italic>, was evaluated in <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experimental models. Overall, <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> was found to respond only to iron deficiency in the intestine, whereas <jats:italic>slc11a2-\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was found to respond to iron overload and bacterial infection in several tissues and also in the leukocytes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our data suggests that despite the absence of <jats:italic>slc11a1<\/jats:italic>, its functions have been undertaken by one of the <jats:italic>slc11a2<\/jats:italic> duplicated paralogs in teleost fish in a case of synfunctionalization, being involved in both iron metabolism and response to bacterial infection. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first example of this type of sub-functionalization in iron metabolism genes, illustrating how conserving the various functions of the SLC11 gene family is of crucial evolutionary importance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]],"date-time":"2016-10-10T19:35:18Z","timestamp":1476128118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Natural history of SLC11 genes in vertebrates: tales from the fish world"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o V","family":"Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Kuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L Filipe C","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro NS","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1719_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02098-4","volume":"9","author":"JR Forbes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Forbes JR, Gros P: Divalent-metal transport by NRAMP proteins at the interface of host-pathogen interactions. 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