{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T06:09:46Z","timestamp":1777183786663,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Health-promoting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are abundant in forages grazed by ruminants and in vegetable and fish oils used as dietary supplements, but only a small proportion of PUFA finds its way into meat and milk, because of biohydrogenation in the rumen. <jats:italic>Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens<\/jats:italic> plays a major role in this activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which PUFA affect the growth of <jats:italic>B. fibrisolvens<\/jats:italic>, how PUFA are metabolized and the metabolic response to growth in the presence of PUFA.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Linoleic acid (LA; <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-9, <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-12-18:2) and \u03b1-linolenic acid (LNA; <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-9, <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-12, <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-15-18:3) increased the lag phase of <jats:italic>B. fibrisolvens<\/jats:italic> JW11, LNA having the greater effect. Growth was initiated only when the PUFA had been converted to vaccenic acid (VA; <jats:italic>trans-<\/jats:italic> 11-18:1). The major fish oil fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(<jats:italic>n-<\/jats:italic> 3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6(<jats:italic>n-<\/jats:italic> 3)), were not metabolized and prevented growth. Cellular integrity, as determined fluorimetrically by propidium iodide (PI) ingression, was affected as much by 18:1 fatty acids, including VA, as 18:2 fatty acids. The methyl esters of LNA, LA, EPA and DHA had no effect on growth or other measurements. The ATP pool decreased by 2\/3 when LA was added to growing bacteria, whereas most acyl CoA pools decreased by &gt;96%.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>It was concluded that biohydrogenation occurs to enable <jats:italic>B. fibrisolvens<\/jats:italic> to survive the bacteriostatic effects of PUFA, and that the toxicity of PUFA is probably mediated via a metabolic effect rather than disruption of membrane integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]],"date-time":"2010-02-18T19:16:33Z","timestamp":1266520593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids to the biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Margarida RG","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lal C","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles S","family":"Bestwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nest","family":"McKain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tony R","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ian A","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0251168","volume":"25","author":"A Banks","year":"1931","unstructured":"Banks A, Hilditch TP: The glyceride structure of beef tallows. 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