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The HomB encoded outer membrane protein was shown to contribute to the proinflammatory properties of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>and also to be involved in bacterial adherence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study investigated the distribution of<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>genes in 455<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>strains from East Asian and Western countries, and carried out sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>genes were heterogeneously distributed worldwide, with a marked difference between East Asian and Western strains.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Analysis of<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>sequences revealed diversity regarding the number of copies and their genomic localization, with East Asian and Western strains presenting different genotypes. Moreover,<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>sequence analysis suggests regulation by phase variation. It also indicates possible recombination events, leading to gene duplication or<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>conversion which may as well be implicated in the regulation of these genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction of<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>revealed clustering according to the geographic origin of strains. Allelic diversity in the middle region of the genes was observed for both<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>, although there was no correlation between any allele and disease. For each gene, a dominant worldwide allele was detected, suggesting that<jats:italic>hom<\/jats:italic>B\/<jats:italic>hom<\/jats:italic>A allelic variants were independent of the geographical origin of the strain. Moreover, all alleles were demonstrated to be expressed<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, these results suggest that<jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>genes are good candidates to be part of the pool of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>OMPs implicated in host-bacteria interface and also contributing to the generation of antigenic variability, and thus involved in<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>persistence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]],"date-time":"2009-12-02T19:15:23Z","timestamp":1259781323000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Allelic diversity and phylogeny of homB, a novel co-virulence marker of Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Oleastro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"M\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dulciene","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francis","family":"M\u00e9graud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119588","volume":"100","author":"MJ Blaser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blaser MJ: Ecology of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach. 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