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By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal tail of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that HB-19 treatment markedly suppressed the progression of established human breast tumor cell xenografts in the athymic nude mice without apparent toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antitumoral action of HB-19 treatment was assessed on the spontaneous development of melanoma in the RET transgenic mouse model. Ten days old RET mice were treated with HB-19 in a prophylactic setting that extended 300 days. In parallel, the molecular basis for the action of HB-19 was investigated on a melanoma cell line (called TIII) derived from a cutaneous nodule of a RET mouse.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HB-19 treatment of RET mice caused a significant delay in the onset of cutaneous tumors, several-months delay in the incidence of large tumors, a lower frequency of cutaneous nodules, and a reduction of visceral metastatic nodules while displaying no toxicity to normal tissue. Moreover, microvessel density was significantly reduced in tumors recovered from HB-19 treated mice compared to corresponding controls. Studies on the melanoma-derived tumor cells demonstrated that HB-19 treatment of TIII cells could restore contact inhibition, impair anchorage-independent growth, and reduce their tumorigenic potential in mice. Moreover, HB-19 treatment caused selective down regulation of transcripts coding matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in the TIII cells and in melanoma tumors of RET mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although HB-19 treatment failed to prevent the development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET mice, it delayed for several months the onset and frequency of cutaneous tumors, and exerted a significant inhibitory effect on visceral metastasis. Consequently, HB-19 could provide a novel therapeutic agent by itself or as an adjuvant therapy in association with current therapeutic interventions on a virulent cancer like melanoma.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T06:14:27Z","timestamp":1277360067000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Targeting surface nucleolin with a multivalent pseudopeptide delays development of spontaneous melanoma in RET transgenic mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Diala","family":"El Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Destouches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Lengagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Krust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yamina","family":"Hamma-Kourbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryl\u00e8ne","family":"Garcette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Niro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Briand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Courty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ara G","family":"Hovanessian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"Pr\u00e9vost-Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.14.1911","volume":"13","author":"M Srivastava","year":"1999","unstructured":"Srivastava M, Pollard HB: Molecular dissection of nucleolin's role in growth and cell proliferation: new insights. 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