{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:53:29Z","timestamp":1773406409707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]],"date-time":"2006-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Heroin addiction often severely disrupts normal social functioning. The aims of this multi-centre study of heroin users in long-term replacement treatment were: i) to provide information on aspects of social condition such as employment, educational background, living status, partner status and any history of drug addiction for partners, comparing these data with that of the general population; ii) to assess the prevalence of hepatitis, syphilis and HIV, because serological status could be a reflection of the social conditions of patients undergoing replacement treatment for drug addiction; iii) to analyse possible relationships between social conditions and serological status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out in sixteen National Health Service Drug Addiction Units in northern Italy. The data were collected from February 1, 2002 to August 31, 2002. Recruitment eligibility was: maintenance treatment with methadone or buprenorphine, treatment for the previous six months, and at least 18 years of age. In the centres involved in the study no specific criteria or regulations were established concerning the duration of replacement therapy. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The conditions of 1091 drug treatment patients were evaluated. The mean duration of drug use was 14.5 years. Duration was shorter in females, in subjects with a higher educational background, and in stable relationships. Most (68%) had completed middle school (11\u201314 years of age). Seventy-nine percent were employed and 16% were unemployed. Fifty percent lived with their parents, 34% with a partner and 14% alone. Males lived more frequently with their parents (55%), and females more frequently with a partner (60%). Sixty-seven percent of male patients with a stable relationship had a partner who had never used heroin. HCV prevalence was 72%, HBV antibodies were detected in 42% of patients, while 30% had been vaccinated; 12.5% of subjects were HIV positive and 1.5% were positive for TPHA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A significant percentage of heroin users in treatment for opiate addiction in the cohort study have characteristics which indicate reasonable integration within broader society. We posit that the combination of effective treatment and a setting of economic prosperity may enhance the social integration of patients with a history of heroin use.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]],"date-time":"2006-08-23T18:16:01Z","timestamp":1156356961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Patients in long-term maintenance therapy for drug use in Italy: analysis of some parameters of social integration and serological status for infectious diseases in a cohort of 1091 patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Quaglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Lugoboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Pattaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"GICS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mezzelani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Don C","family":"Des Jarlais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"513_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03757.x","volume":"89","author":"A Johns","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johns A: Opiate treatments. Addiction. 1994, 89: 1551-1558. 10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03757.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"513_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90542-5","volume":"347","author":"NA Seivewright","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seivewright NA, Greenwood J: What is important in drug misuse treatment?. Lancet. 1996, 347: 373-376. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90542-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"513_CR3","volume-title":"Annual report on the state of the drugs problems in the European Union 2001. Lisbon","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and drug Addiction (EMCDDA)","year":"2001","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and drug Addiction (EMCDDA): Annual report on the state of the drugs problems in the European Union 2001. Lisbon. 2001"},{"key":"513_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05356-2","volume":"353","author":"J Ward","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ward J, Hall W, Mattick RP: Role of maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. Lancet. 1999, 353: 221-226. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05356-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"513_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90409-2","volume":"347","author":"CP O'Brien","year":"1996","unstructured":"O'Brien CP, McLellan AT: Myths about the treatment of addiction. Lancet. 1996, 347: 237-240. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90409-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"513_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007","volume":"28","author":"L Amato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amato L, Davoli M, Perucci C, Ferri M, Faggiano F, Mattick RP: An overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of opiate maintenance therapies: available evidence to inform clinical practice and research. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2005, 28: 321-329. 10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007.","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"513_CR7","first-page":"CD002208","volume-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","author":"F Faggiano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faggiano F, Vigna-Taglianti F, Versino E, Lemma P: Methadone maintenance at different dosages for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003, CD002208-"},{"key":"513_CR8","first-page":"CD002207","volume-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mattick RP, Kimber J, Breen C, Davoli M: Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004, CD002207-"},{"key":"513_CR9","volume-title":"Report on society and economy. Venice","author":"North-East Foundation","year":"2002","unstructured":"North-East Foundation: Report on society and economy. Venice. 2002"},{"key":"513_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/713612356","volume":"10","author":"P Mezzelani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mezzelani P, Quaglio GL, Venturini L, Lugoboni F, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC: A multicentre study on the causes of death among Italian injecting drug users. AIDS has overtaken overdose as the principal cause of death. AIDS Care. 1998, 10: 61-67.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"513_CR11","volume-title":"Employment 2001. Rome","author":"Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)","year":"2002","unstructured":"Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT): Employment 2001. Rome. 2002"},{"key":"513_CR12","volume-title":"Multipurpose investigation of families. Family, society and condition of childhood. Rome","author":"National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)","year":"1998","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT): Multipurpose investigation of families. Family, society and condition of childhood. Rome. 1998"},{"key":"513_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471445428","volume-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fleiss JL, Levin B, Paik MC: Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2003, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 3","edition":"3"},{"key":"513_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2307\/2532385","volume":"47","author":"S le Cessie","year":"1991","unstructured":"le Cessie S, van Houwelingen JC: A goodness-of-fit test for binary regression models, based on smoothing methods. Biometrics. 1991, 47: 1267-82. 10.2307\/2532385.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"513_CR15","volume-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vien","author":"R Development Core Team. R","year":"2005","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vien. 2005"},{"key":"513_CR16","first-page":"157","volume":"67","author":"S Ciaffoni","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ciaffoni S, Schiesari F, Lugoboni F: Annual incidence of HIV seropositivity in a cohort of IVDUs followed 7 years. Vox Sanguinis. 1994, 67: 157-","journal-title":"Vox Sanguinis"},{"key":"513_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00155-7","volume":"65","author":"VL King","year":"2002","unstructured":"King VL, Stoller KB, Hayes M, Umbricht A, Currens M, Kidorf MS, Carter JA, Schwartz R, Brooner RK: A multicenter randomized evaluation of methadone medical maintenance. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2002, 65: 137-148. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00155-7.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00005-2","volume":"50","author":"M Kidorf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kidorf M, Hollander JR, King VL, Brooner RK: Increasing employment of opioid dependent outpatients: an intensive behavioral intervention. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1998, 50: 73-80. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00005-2.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR19","volume-title":"Survey of activities in the field of addiction, year 1999. Rome","author":"Ministry of Health, Italy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Italy: Survey of activities in the field of addiction, year 1999. Rome. 2000"},{"key":"513_CR20","first-page":"23","volume":"2000","author":"M Rossi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rossi M: Employment and social opportunities for disadvantaged. Third National Conference on drug addiction: 28\u201330 November 2000; Genoa. Edited by: Ministry of Social Services. 2000, 23-52.","journal-title":"Third National Conference on drug addiction: 28\u201330 November"},{"key":"513_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00332-0","volume":"70","author":"KS Riehman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Riehman KS, Iguchi MY, Zeller M, Morral AR: The influence of partner drug use and relationship power on treatment engagement. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2003, 70: 1-10. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00332-0.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg137","volume":"80","author":"JL Evans","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evans JL, Hahn JA, Page-Shafer K, Lum PJ, Stein ES, Davidson PJ, Moss AR: Gender differences in sexual and injection risk behavior among active young injection drug users in San Francisco (the UFO Study). Journal of Urban Health. 2003, 80: 137-146. 10.1007\/BF02416932.","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"513_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100101868","volume":"25","author":"CE Grella","year":"1999","unstructured":"Grella CE, Joshi V: Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study. American Journal Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999, 25: 385-406. 10.1081\/ADA-100101868.","journal-title":"American Journal Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"513_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999509002694","volume":"21","author":"JB Kingree","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kingree JB: Understanding gender differences in psychosocial functioning and treatment retention. American Journal Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1995, 21: 267-281.","journal-title":"American Journal Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"513_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00230-1","volume":"64","author":"A Gogineni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gogineni A, Stein MD, Friedmann PD: Social relationships and intravenous drug use among methadone maintenance patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2001, 64: 47-53. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00230-1.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.002","volume":"75","author":"GL Quaglio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quaglio GL, Lugoboni F, Pajusco B, Fornasiero A, Lechi A, Mezzelani P, GICS , Des Jarlais DC: Heterosexual relationships among heroin users in Italy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004, 75: 207-213. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.002.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720160048029","volume":"259","author":"N Hearst","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hearst N, Hulley SB: Preventing the heterosexual spread of AIDS. Are we giving our patients the best advice?. Journal American Medical Association. 1988, 259: 2428-2432. 10.1001\/jama.259.16.2428.","journal-title":"Journal American Medical Association"},{"key":"513_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00236-2","volume":"64","author":"SG Sherman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sherman SG, Latkin CA: Intimate relationship characteristics associated with condom use among drug users and their sex partners: a multilevel analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2001, 64: 97-104. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00236-2.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"513_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(96)00289-4","volume":"19","author":"B Wellman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wellman B, Wong RY, Tindall D, Nazer N: A decade of network change: turnover, persistence, and stability in personal communications. Social Networks. 1997, 19: 127-150. 10.1016\/S0378-8733(96)00289-4.","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"513_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.10.1654","volume":"87","author":"G Brancato","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brancato G, Perucci CA, Abeni DD, Sangalli M, Ippolito G, Arca M: The changing distribution of HIV infection: HIV surveillance in Lazio, Italy, 1985 through 1994. Lazio HIV Surveillance Collaborative Group. American Journal Public Health. 1997, 87: 1654-1658.","journal-title":"American Journal Public Health"},{"key":"513_CR31","first-page":"F59","volume":"11","author":"SA Strathdee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strathdee SA, Patrick DM, Currie SL, Cornelisse PG, Rekart ML, Montaner JS, Schechter MT, O'Shaughnessy MV: Needle exchange is not enough lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 1997, 11: F59-65.","journal-title":"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"513_CR32","first-page":"59","volume":"70","author":"EuroHIV","year":"2000","unstructured":"EuroHIV: European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS. HIV\/AIDS. Surveillance in Europe. 2000, 70: 59-70.","journal-title":"Surveillance in Europe"},{"key":"513_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96811276.x","volume":"96","author":"GL Quaglio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Quaglio GL, Talamini G, Lechi A, Venturini L, Lugoboni F, Mezzelani P, GICS : Study of 2708 heroin-related deaths in north-eastern Italy 1985\u201398 to establish the main causes of death. Addiction. 2001, 96: 1127-1137. 10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96811276.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"513_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00448.x","volume":"10","author":"GL Quaglio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quaglio GL, Lugoboni F, Pajusco B, Sarti M, Talamini G, GICS , Mezzelani P, Des Jarlais DC: Hepatitis C virus infection: prevalence, predictor variables and prevention opportunities among drug users in Italy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2003, 10: 394-400. 10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00448.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"513_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03167717","volume":"170","author":"M Fitzgerald","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fitzgerald M, Barry J, O'Sullivan P, Thornton L: Blood-borne infections in Dublin's opiate users. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2001, 170: 32-34.","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"513_CR36","first-page":"174","volume":"2","author":"TL Lamagni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lamagni TL, Davison KL, Hope VD, Luutu JW, Newham JA, Parry JV, Gill ON: Poor hepatitis B vaccine coverage in injecting drug users: England, 1995 and 1996. Communicable Disease and Public Health. 1999, 2: 174-177.","journal-title":"Communicable Disease and Public Health"},{"key":"513_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00290-3","volume":"15","author":"F Lugoboni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lugoboni F, Migliozzi S, Schiesari F, Pauletto N, Bovo GL, Ciaffoni S, Mezzelani P: Immunoresponse to hepatitis B vaccination and adherence campaign among injecting drug users. Vaccine. 1997, 15: 1014-1016. 10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00290-3.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"513_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00147.x","volume":"97","author":"GL Quaglio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Quaglio GL, Talamini G, Lugoboni F, Lechi A, Venturini L, Des Jarlais DC, Mezzelani P, GICS : Compliance with hepatitis B vaccination in 1175 heroin users and risk factors associated with lack of vaccine response. Addiction. 2002, 97: 985-992. 10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00147.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"513_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.0050j.x","volume":"97","author":"F Lugoboni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lugoboni F, Quaglio GL, Mezzelani P, Lechi A: No positive tests for syphilis in 6 years of observation among heroin drug users in north-eastern Italy. Addiction. 2002, 97: 104-105. 10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.0050j.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"513_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78560-3","volume":"351","author":"C Smacchia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smacchia C, Parolin A, Di Perri G, Vento S, Concia E: Syphilis in prostitutes from Eastern Europe. Lancet. 1998, 351: 572-10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78560-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"513_CR41","first-page":"473","volume":"34","author":"A Colucci","year":"1998","unstructured":"Colucci A, Covre P, D'Agostini A, Gallo P, Geraci S, Kanieff M, Luzi AM, Mayer R, Morrone A, Morte Karag MR, Petrosillo N, Spizzichino L, Claver PT, Volpicelli S: Immigration and health: the Italian situation. Italian National Focal Point (NFP) of the AIDS, Mobility Project. Annali Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0. 1998, 34: 473-487.","journal-title":"Annali Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0"},{"key":"513_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199602010-00018","volume":"11","author":"U Tirelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tirelli U, Spina M, Mancuso S, Traina C, Sinicco A: HIV seroprevalence study among 729 female prostitutes in Italy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. 1996, 11: 208-209.","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology"},{"key":"513_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.10","volume":"85","author":"DC Des Jarlais","year":"1995","unstructured":"Des Jarlais DC: Harm reduction-A framework for incorporating science into drug policy. American Journal Public Health. 1995, 85: 10-11.","journal-title":"American Journal Public Health"},{"key":"513_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00028-3","volume":"51","author":"S Darke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Darke S: Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1998, 51: 253-263. 10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00028-3.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T07:30:43Z","timestamp":1630481443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"216"}}