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An OnabotA - induced volume reduction caused by sympathetic fibers impairment has been proposed as a potential mechanism of action. Our aim was to investigate the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins in the rat prostate following OnabotA intraprostatic injection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult Wistar rats were injected in the ventral lobes of the prostate with 10 U of OnabotA or saline. A set of OnabotA-injected animals was further treated with 0.5 mg\/kg of phenylephrine (PHE) subcutaneously daily. All animals were sacrificed after 1 week and had their prostates harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Bax, Bcl-xL and caspase-3 proteins and visualized by the avidin-biotin method. The optical density of the glandular cells was also determined, with measurement of differences between average optical densities for each group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Saline-treated animals showed intense epithelial staining for Bcl-xL and a faint labelling for both Bax and Caspase-3. OnabotA-treated rats showed a reduced epithelial staining of Bcl-xL and a consistently increased Bax and Caspase-3 staining when compared with saline-treated animals. PHE-treated animals showed a stronger Bcl-xL staining and reduced staining of both Bax and Caspase-3 when compared to the OnabotA group. Mean signal intensity measurements for each immunoreaction confirmed a significant decrease of the signal intensity for Bcl-xL and a significant increase of the signal intensity for Bax and Caspase 3 in OnabotA-injected animals when compared with the control group. In OnabotA+PHE treated animals mean signal intensity for Bcl-xL, Bax and Caspase 3 immunoreactions was identical to that of the control animals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results support the hypothesis that OnabotA activates apoptotic pathways in the rat prostate through a mechanism that involves sympathetic outflow impairment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-12-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,5]],"date-time":"2012-01-05T07:50:23Z","timestamp":1325749823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Expression of apoptosis-regulating genes in the rat prostate following botulinum toxin type a injection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Gorgal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Charrua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o F","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Avelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09317.x","volume":"105","author":"YC Chuang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chuang YC, Kuo HC, Chancellor MB: Botulinum toxin for the lower urinary tract. 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