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More than 2000 species of higher plants produce latex consisting of <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene. <jats:italic>Hevea brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> (rubber tree) produces <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene, and is the key source of commercial rubber. In contrast, relatively few plant species produce <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene. Currently, <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene is mainly produced synthetically, and no plant species is used for its commercial production.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To develop a plant-based system suitable for large-scale production of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene, we selected a <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene-producing plant, <jats:italic>Eucommia ulmoides<\/jats:italic> Oliver, as the target for genetic transformation. A full-length cDNA (designated as <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic>, Accession No. AB041629) encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) was isolated from <jats:italic>E. ulmoides<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic> consisted of 1028 bp with a 675-bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 224 amino acid residues. EuIPI shared high identity with other plant IPIs, and the recombinant protein expressed in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> showed IPI enzymatic activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic> was introduced into <jats:italic>E. ulmoides<\/jats:italic> via <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines of <jats:italic>E. ulmoides<\/jats:italic> overexpressing <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic> showed increased <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic> expression (up to 19-fold that of the wild-type) and a 3- to 4-fold increase in the total content of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprenes, compared with the wild-type (non-transgenic root line) control.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increasing the expression level of <jats:italic>EuIPI<\/jats:italic> by overexpression increased accumulation of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprenes in transgenic <jats:italic>E. ulmoides<\/jats:italic>. IPI catalyzes the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate to its highly electrophilic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of all isoprenoids, including polyisoprene. Our results demonstrated that regulation of <jats:italic>IPI<\/jats:italic> expression is a key target for efficient production of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-polyisoprene in <jats:italic>E. ulmoides<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-12-78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T17:14:41Z","timestamp":1351703681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Overexpression of an isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene to enhance trans-polyisoprene production in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ren","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Bamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Gyokusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"779_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03863.x","volume":"270","author":"K Asawatreratanakul","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asawatreratanakul K, Zhang YW, Wititsuwannakul D, Wititsuwannakul R, Takahashi S, Rattanapittayaporn A, Koyama T: Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of cDNA encoding cis-prenyltransferases from Hevea brasiliensis. 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