{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T19:44:18Z","timestamp":1747165458404},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> and HIV-1 infection cause substantial morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing evidence suggests these two pathogens interact negatively when infecting the same individual.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional study among HIV-1 infected and uninfected populations was recruited in Mocuba and Maputo, Mozambique to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical malarial parasitaemia using light microscopy and a nested PCR assay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of sub-clinical <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasitaemia was low in Maputo, whether determined by microscopy (0.4%) or PCR (1.9%), but substantially higher in Mocuba (7.6 and 14.7%, respectively). Nested PCR detected nearly 70% more cases of sub-clinical parasitaemia than microscopy, but differences occur by locality. HIV-1 infected persons were more likely to be sub-clinically parasitaemic than HIV-1 uninfected individuals recruited from the same geographic areas. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole use did not substantially reduce sub-clinical parasitaemia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dried blood spots are a convenient and sensitive technique for detecting sub-clinical infection with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> by nested PCR<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Prevalence of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is substantially lower in Maputo where malaria control programmes have been more active than in the rural town of Mocuba. In Mocuba, among those presenting for HIV-1 counseling and testing, the prevalence of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is substantially higher in those who test positive for HIV-1 than those without HIV-1 infection. The clinical implications of sub-clinical <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection among HIV-1 infected persons warrant additional study<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T14:14:41Z","timestamp":1343830481000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A cross-sectional study of sub-clinical Plasmodium falciparum infection in HIV-1 infected and uninfected populations in Mozambique, South-Eastern Africa"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emilia V","family":"Noormahomed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Orlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Virgilio","family":"do Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brett W","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Badaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert T","family":"Schooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2205_CR1","volume-title":"UNAIDS report on the Global AIDS epidemic 2010. 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