{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:01:25Z","timestamp":1768482085364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cr(V) species are formed during the intracellular reduction of Cr(VI), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. In this study, the acute toxicity of a physiologically stable Cr(V) compound, [Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>-BT]<jats:sup>2-<\/jats:sup> (BT = bis(hydroxyethyl)aminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane) was investigated in the male reproductive system of sexually mature 60-day-old male ICR-CD1 mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Eight-week-old animals were subcutaneously injected daily with a dose of <jats:italic>ca<\/jats:italic> 8 \u03bcmol of Cr\/mouse, during 5 days. The control group was injected with 0.5 mL of BT buffer. Testis and epididymis morphology was evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopy. Epididymal sperm counts, motility and acrosome integrity were also assayed using standard methods.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seminiferous epithelium abnormalities were detected in the Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>-BT experimental group, including intraepithelial vacuolation, and remarkable degeneration of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids. The premature release of germ cells into the tubular lumen was also evident. Histological evaluation of epididymal compartments revealed apparently normal features. However, the epididymal epithelium presented vacuolation. [Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>-BT]<jats:sup>2-<\/jats:sup> induced a reduction in sperm acrosome integrity. However, sperm motility and density were not significantly affected.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study using a Cr(V) compound, provides evidence for the potential reproductive hazards caused on male reproductive system by species containing chromium in intermediate oxidation states.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069x-4-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T18:48:43Z","timestamp":1117219723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of Cr(V) on reproductive organ morphology and sperm parameters: An experimental study in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Maria de Lourdes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo Pires","family":"das Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa Margarida","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00falio Pedrosa","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"47_CR1","unstructured":"IARC: Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Chromium, Nickel and Welding. International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon). 1990, 49-3"},{"key":"47_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.2307\/4578958","volume":"43","author":"J Bloomfield","year":"1928","unstructured":"Bloomfield J, Blum W: Health hazards in chromium plating. Public Health Reports. 1928, 43: 2330-2351.","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"47_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1191\/096032701682693062","volume":"20","author":"AD Dayan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dayan AD, Paine AJ: Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: review of the literature from 1985 to 2000. Human Exp Toxicol. 2001, 20: 439-451.","journal-title":"Human Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"47_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200008)38:2<115::AID-AJIM1>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"38","author":"HJ Gibb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gibb HJ, Lees PS, Pinsky PF, Rooney BC: Lung cancer among workers in chromium chemical production. Am J Ind Med. 2000, 38: 115-126.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"47_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(01)00320-5","volume":"514","author":"D Benova","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benova D, Hadjidekova V, Hristova R, Nikolova T, Boulanova M, Georgieva I, Grigorova M, Popov T, Panev T, Georgieva R, Natarajan A, Darroudi F, Nilsson R: Cytogenetic effects of hexavalent chromium in Bulgarian chromium platers. Mutat Res. 2002, 514: 29-38.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"47_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10194","volume":"43","author":"JM Antonini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antonini JM, Lewis AB, Roberts JR, Whaley DA: Pulmonary effects of welding fumes: review of worker and experimental animal studies. Am J Ind Med. 2003, 43: 350-360.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"47_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/18.1.19","volume":"18","author":"MG Medeiros","year":"2003","unstructured":"Medeiros MG, Rodrigues AS, Batoreu MC, Laires A, Rueff J, Zhitkovich A: Elevated levels of DNA-protein crosslinks and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes of tannery workers exposed to trivalent chromium. Mutagenesis. 2003, 18: 19-24.","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"47_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0271547","volume":"42","author":"G Quievryn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quievryn G, Peterson E, Messer J, Zhitkovich A: Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Cr(VI)\/ascorbate-generated DNA adducts in human and bacterial cells. Biochemistry. 2003, 42: 1062-1070.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"47_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00378-5","volume":"180","author":"D Bagchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bagchi D, Stohs SJ, Downs BW, Bagchi M, Preuss HG: Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium. Toxicology. 2002, 180: 5-22.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"47_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.7.1267","volume":"20","author":"JM Yuann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yuann JM, Liu KJ, Hamilton JW, Wetterhahn KE: In vivo effects of ascorbates and glutathione on the uptake of chromium, formation of Cr(V), Cr-DNA binding and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in liver and kidney of osteogenic disorder Shionogi rats following treatment with Cr(VI). Carcinogenesis. 1999, 20: 1267-1275.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"47_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(00)00408-2","volume":"216\u2013217","author":"R Codd","year":"2001","unstructured":"Codd R, Dillon C, Levina A, Lay P: Studies on the genotoxicity of chromium: from the test tube to the cell. Coord Chem Rev. 2001, 216\u2013217: 537-582.","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"key":"47_CR12","first-page":"145","volume":"51","author":"A Levina","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levina A, Codd R, Dillon C, Lay P: Chromium in Biology: toxicology and nutritional aspects. Prog Inorg Chem. 2003, 51: 145-250.","journal-title":"Prog Inorg Chem"},{"key":"47_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(98)10076-4","volume":"72","author":"BS Fonkeng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fonkeng BS, Moghaddas S, Bose RN: Electron paramagnetic resonance, kinetics of formation and decomposition studies of (bis(hydroxyethyl)amino-tris(hydroxymethyl) methane)oxochromate(V): a model Cr(V) complex for DNA damage studies. J Inorg Biochem. 1998, 72: 163-171.","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"47_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327102ht243oa","volume":"21","author":"RP das Neves","year":"2002","unstructured":"das Neves RP, Santos TM, Pereira Mde L, de Jesus JP: Comparative histological studies on liver of mice exposed to Cr(VI) and Cr(V) compounds. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002, 21: 365-369.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"47_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00130-4","volume":"142","author":"MJ Solis-Heredia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Solis-Heredia MJ, Quintanilla-Vega B, Sierra-Santoyo A, Hernandez JM, Brambila E, Cebrian ME, Albores A: Chromium increases pancreatic metallothionein in the rat. Toxicology. 2000, 142: 111-117.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"47_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(00)00209-5","volume":"116","author":"IJ Yu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yu IJ, Kim KJ, Chang HK, Song KS, Han KT, Han JH, Maeng SH, Chung YH, Park SH, Chung KH, Han JS, Chung HK: Patterns of deposition of stainless steel welding fume particles inhaled into the respiratory systems of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a novel welding fume generating system. Toxicol Lett. 2000, 116: 103-111.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"47_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.4.587","volume":"23","author":"F D'Agostini","year":"2002","unstructured":"D'Agostini F, Izzotti A, Bennicelli C, Camoirano A, Tampa E, De Flora S: Induction of apoptosis in the lung but not in the liver of rats receiving intra-tracheal instillations of Cr(VI). Carcinogenesis. 2002, 23: 587-593.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"47_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490266909","volume":"67","author":"JM Antonini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Antonini JM, Taylor MD, Zimmer AT, Roberts JR: Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: role of metal constituents. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004, 67: 233-249.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"47_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00423-6","volume":"162","author":"M Travacio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Travacio M, Polo JM, Llesuy S: Cr(VI) induces oxidative stress in the mouse brain. Toxicology. 2001, 162: 139-148.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"47_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/45.7.505","volume":"45","author":"H Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li H, Chen Q, Li S, Yao W, Li L, Shi X, Wang L, Castranova V, Vallayathan E, Chen C: Effect of Cr(VI) exposure on sperm quality: human and animal studies. Ann Occup Hyg. 2001, 45: 505-511.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"47_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380403","volume":"38","author":"K Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu K, M\u00e4der K, Shi X, Swartz H: Reduction of carcinogenic Cr(VI) on the skin of living rats. Magn Reson Med. 1997, 38: 524-526.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"47_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(99)00110-5","volume":"76","author":"H Sakurai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakurai H, Takechi K, Tsuboi H, Yasui H: ESR characterisation and metallokinetic analysis of Cr(V) in the blood of rats given carcinogen Cr(VI) compounds. J Inorg Biochem. 1999, 76: 71-80.","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"47_CR23","first-page":"27","volume":"106","author":"RP das Neves","year":"2001","unstructured":"das Neves RP, Santos TM, de Pereira ML, de Jesus JP: Cr(VI) induced alterations in mouse spleen cells. A short term assay. Cytobios. 2001, 106: 27-34.","journal-title":"Cytobios"},{"key":"47_CR24","first-page":"153","volume":"4","author":"ML Pereira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pereira ML, Santos TM, das Neves RP, Costa FG, de Jesus JP: Cr(V) involvement in the toxicity pathway of testicular damage. Asian J Androl. 2002, 4: 153-155.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"47_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0720373","volume":"72","author":"LR Fraser","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fraser LR: Mouse sperm capacitation in vitro involves loss of a surface-associated inhibitory component. J Reprod Fert. 1984, 72: 373-384.","journal-title":"J Reprod Fert"},{"key":"47_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.20.4121","volume":"124","author":"Q Lu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lu Q, Shur BD: Sperm from \u03b21,4-galactosyltransferase-null mice are refractory to ZP3-induced acrosome reactions and penetrate the zona pellucida poorly. Development. 1997, 124: 4121-4131.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"47_CR27","first-page":"39","volume":"3","author":"SK Singh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Singh SK, Chakravarty S: Effect of nitrofurazone on the reproductive organs in adult male mice. Asian J Androl. 2001, 3: 39-44.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"47_CR28","first-page":"215","volume":"46","author":"B Wiszniewska","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wiszniewska B, Marchlewicz M, Piasecka M, Wenda-Rozewicka L, Swider-Al-Amawi M: Phospholipid content and lamellar structures in the epididymal epithelial cells of rats treated chronically with lead acetate [Pb(II)]. Folia Biol. 1998, 46: 215-224.","journal-title":"Folia Biol"},{"key":"47_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2000.00359.x","volume":"32","author":"T Zeginiadou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zeginiadou T, Papadimas J, Mantalenakis S: Acrosome reaction: methods for detection and clinical significance. Andrologia. 2000, 32: 335-343.","journal-title":"Andrologia"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-069X-4-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1476-069X-4-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-069X-4-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-069X-4-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:43:15Z","timestamp":1630456995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ehjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1476-069X-4-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["47"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069x-4-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"9"}}