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This study aims to pinpoint epigenetic markers that can discriminate between non-malignant and malignant tissue from the large bowel, i.e. markers with diagnostic potential.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The methylation status of eleven genes (<jats:italic>ADAMTS1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>CDKN2A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>CRABP1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>HOXA9<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MAL<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MGMT<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MLH1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>PTEN<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RUNX3<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>SCGB3A1<\/jats:italic>) was determined in 154 tissue samples including normal mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas of the colorectum. The gene-specific and widespread methylation status among the carcinomas was related to patient gender and age, and microsatellite instability status. Possible CIMP tumors were identified by comparing the methylation profile with microsatellite instability (MSI),<jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>-,<jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>-, and<jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>mutation status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean number of methylated genes per sample was 0.4 in normal colon mucosa from tumor-free individuals, 1.2 in mucosa from cancerous bowels, 2.2 in adenomas, and 3.9 in carcinomas. Widespread methylation was found in both adenomas and carcinomas. The promoters of<jats:italic>ADAMTS1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MAL<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>MGMT<\/jats:italic>were frequently methylated in benign samples as well as in malignant tumors, independent of microsatellite instability. In contrast, normal mucosa samples taken from bowels without tumor were rarely methylated for the same genes. Hypermethylated<jats:italic>CRABP1, MLH1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>RUNX3<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>SCGB3A1<\/jats:italic>were shown to be identifiers of carcinomas with microsatellite instability. In agreement with the CIMP concept, MSI and mutated<jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>were associated with samples harboring hypermethylation of several target genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylated<jats:italic>ADAMTS1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>MGMT<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>MAL<\/jats:italic>are suitable as markers for early tumor detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-7-94","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1230750802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Gene methylation profiles of normal mucosa, and benign and malignant colorectal tumors identify early onset markers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Terje","family":"Ahlquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guro E","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vera L","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunn I","family":"Meling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Vatn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Geir S","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Torleiv O","family":"Rognum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rolf I","family":"Skotheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Thiis-Evensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ragnhild A","family":"Lothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"385_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80095-5","volume":"33","author":"DL Ponz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ponz DL, Di Gregorio C: Pathology of colorectal cancer. 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