{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1767675971403},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proteome Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Enterococci have emerged as the third most common cause of nosocomial infections, requiring bactericidal antimicrobial therapy. Although vancomycin resistance is a major problem in clinics and has emerged in an important extend in farm animals, few studies have examined it in wild animals. To determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic> A-containing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> strains among faecal samples of Seagulls (<jats:italic>Larus cachinnans<\/jats:italic>) of Berlengas Natural Reserve of Portugal, we developed a proteomic approach integrated with genomic data. The purpose was to detect the maximum number of proteins that vary in different enterococci species which are thought to be connected in some, as yet unknown, way to antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From the 57 seagull samples, 54 faecal samples showed the presence of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> isolates (94.7%). For the enterococci, <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent species in seagulls (50%), followed by <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. durans<\/jats:italic> (10.4%), and <jats:italic>E. hirae<\/jats:italic> (6.3%). <jats:italic>VanA-containing<\/jats:italic> enterococcal strains were detected in 10.5% of the 57 seagull faecal samples studied. Four of the <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>-containing enterococci were identified as <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> and two as <jats:italic>E. durans<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>(M) gene was found in all five tetracycline-resistant <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> strains. The <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(B) gene was demonstrated in all six erythromycin-resistant <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> strains. The <jats:italic>hyl<\/jats:italic> virulence gene was detected in all four <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic> A-containing <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> isolates in this study, and two of them harboured the <jats:italic>pur<\/jats:italic> K1 allele. In addition these strains also showed ampicillin and ciprofoxacin resistance. The whole-cell proteomic profile of <jats:italic>van<\/jats:italic> A-containing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> strains was applied to evaluate the discriminatory power of this technique for their identification. The major differences among species-specific profiles were found in the positions corresponding to 97-45 kDa. Sixty individualized protein <jats:italic>spots<\/jats:italic> for each <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> isolate was identified and suitable for peptide mass fingerprinting measures by spectrometry measuring (MALDI\/TOF MS) and their identification through bioinformatic databases query. The proteins were classified in different groups according to their biological function: protein biosynthesis, ATP synthesis, glycolysis, conjugation and antibiotic resistance. Taking into account the origin of these strains and its relation to infectious processes in humans and animals, it is important to explore the proteome of new strains which might serve as protein biomarkers for biological activity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The comprehensive description of proteins isolated from vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. durans<\/jats:italic> may provide new targets for development of antimicrobial agents. This knowledge may help to identify new biomarkers of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-5956-8-48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T18:15:26Z","timestamp":1286475326000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Proteomic characterization of van A-containing Enterococcu s recovered from Seagulls at the Berlengas Natural Reserve, W Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hajer","family":"Radhouani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00falio","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Igrejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.9.4385-4389.2001","volume":"67","author":"CMAP Franz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franz CMAP, Muscholl-Silverhorn AB, Yousif NMK, Vancannet M, Swings J, Holzapfel WH: Incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from food. 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