{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:44:40Z","timestamp":1772192680721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thrombosis J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The Azorean population presents the highest standardized mortality rate for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) when compared to mainland Portugal and other populations. Since thrombosis is a common cause of CVD, we assessed four polymorphisms in three thrombotic risk genes \u2013 <jats:italic>F5<\/jats:italic> (G1691A), <jats:italic>F2<\/jats:italic> (G20210A) and <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic> (C677T, A1298C), in 469 healthy blood donors from S\u00e3o Miguel Island (Azores). We also analysed the <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic> (C430T, A1075C) and <jats:italic>VKORC1<\/jats:italic> (G1639A) variants in fifty-eight individuals with predisposition to thrombosis (possessing at least one variation in <jats:italic>F5<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>F2<\/jats:italic> genes and one in <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic>) to evaluate their warfarin drug response genetic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among the 469 individuals, the data showed that thrombotic risk allele frequencies \u2013 1691A (4.9%), 20210A (1.8%), 677T (41.7%) and 1298C (24.8%) \u2013 were similar to other Caucasians, but significantly different from mainland Portuguese (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The combined analysis of these variants identified twenty-two different genetic profiles (genotype order: <jats:italic>F5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>F2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic> C677T and A1298C). Complete homozygosity for all wild-type alleles (GG GG CC AA) was present in 11.7%, being GG GG CT AA (22.4%) the most frequent profile. The results also demonstrated that 12.4% (58 out of 469) of S\u00e3o Miguel islanders have increased genetic predisposition to thrombosis. Subsequently, we evaluated these individuals for their warfarin response genetic profiles. The data showed that seven out of fifty-eight individuals are poor metabolizers (two with <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic>*2\/*2 and five with <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic>*2\/*3 genotypes). <jats:italic>VKORC1<\/jats:italic> polymorphism analysis identified twelve individuals (20.7%) with AA genotype, who probably will require lower doses of warfarin. The joint analysis of <jats:italic>CYP2C9<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>VKORC1<\/jats:italic> revealed that 79.3% (46 out of 58) of the individuals carry at least one polymorphism in these genes. Within these, twenty-five individuals (43.1%) need intermediate and\/or low doses of warfarin, if treatment is started.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that S\u00e3o Miguel, and possibly the Azores population, shows significant differences on allele frequencies of thrombotic risk factors when compared to mainland Portugal. This research constitutes a primary approach for future studies on CVD, as well as for the implementation of warfarin dosing protocols using the patient's genotypic information.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-9560-7-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T18:15:19Z","timestamp":1246990519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thrombotic genetic risk factors and warfarin pharmacogenetic variants in S\u00e3o Miguel's healthy population (Azores)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Claudia C","family":"Branco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Pereirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula R","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Mota-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-004-0044-1","volume":"6","author":"J Menon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menon J, Salman MM, Md GH: Venous thrombolysis: Current perspectives. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2004, 6: 159-168. 10.1007\/s11936-004-0044-1","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"108_CR2","volume-title":"Recommendations from a Joint Study Group","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Cardiovascular disease: prevention and control (WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health). Recommendations from a Joint Study Group 2008. [http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/]"},{"key":"108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10266-0","volume":"353","author":"FR Rosendaal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosendaal FR: Venous thrombosis, a multicausal disease. Lancet 1999, 353: 1167-1173. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10266-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"108_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-9560-4-15","volume":"4","author":"S Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan S, Dickerman JD: Hereditary thrombophilia. Thromb J 2006, 4: 1-17. 10.1186\/1477-9560-4-15","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642720","volume":"74","author":"RM Bertina","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bertina RM, Reitsma RH, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP: Resistance to activated protein C and factor V Leiden as risk factors for venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1995, 74: 449-553.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.10.3698.bloodjournal88103698","volume":"88","author":"SR Poort","year":"1996","unstructured":"Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM: A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996, 88: 3698-3703.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165142.37711.E7","volume":"111","author":"EA Varga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Varga EA, Sturm AC, Misita CP, Moll S: Homocysteine and MTHFR mutations. Relation to thrombosis and coronary artery disease. Circulation 2005, 111: e289-e293. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165142.37711.E7","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:THRO.0000040489.86029.27","volume":"17","author":"WY Almawi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Almawi WY, Ameen G, Tamim H, Finan RR, Irani-Hakime N: Factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [ MTHFR ] C677T gene polymorphisms in angiographically documented coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004, 17: 199-205. 10.1023\/B:THRO.0000040489.86029.27","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01141.x","volume":"3","author":"M Den Heijer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Den Heijer M, Lewington S, Clarke R: Homocysteine, MTHFR and risk of venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis of published epidemiological studies. J Thromb Haemost 2005, 3: 292-299. 10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01141.x","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"108_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.16.2023","volume":"288","author":"M Klerk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klerk M, Verhoef P, Clarke R, Blom HJ, Kok FJ, Shouten EG: MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2002, 288: 2023-2031. 10.1001\/jama.288.16.2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.10.002","volume":"82","author":"SA Scott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott SA, Edelmann L, Kornreich R, Desnick RJ: Warfarin pharmacogenetics: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes predict different sensitivity and resistance frequencies in the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations. Am J Hum Genet 2008, 82: 495-500. 10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.10.002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"108_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.6.4.8","volume":"6","author":"AE Rettie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rettie AE, Tai G: The pharmacogenomics of warfarin. Mol Interv 2006, 6: 223-227. 10.1124\/mi.6.4.8","journal-title":"Mol Interv"},{"key":"108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044503","volume":"352","author":"MJ Rieder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rieder MJ, Reiner AP, Gage BF, Nickerson DA, Eby CS, McLeod HL, Blough DK, Thummel KE, Veenstra DL, Rettie AE: Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose. N Engl J Med 2005, 352: 2285-2293. 10.1056\/NEJMoa044503","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500313","volume":"5","author":"M Wadelius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wadelius M, Chen LY, Downes K, Ghori J, Hunt S, Eriksson N, Wallerman O, Melhus H, Wadelius C, Bentley D, Deloukas P: Common VKORC1 and GGCX polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose. Pharmacogenomics J 2005, 5: 262-270. 10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500313","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9992","volume":"254","author":"\u00dc Yasar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yasar \u00dc, Eliasson E, Dahl ML, Johansson I, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Sj\u00f6qvist F: Validation of methods for CYP2C9 genotyping: frequencies of mutant alleles in a Swedish population. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 254: 628-631. 10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9992","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"108_CR16","unstructured":"Portuguese General Directorate of Health[http:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/]"},{"key":"108_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.09.174","volume":"1288","author":"L Mota-Vieira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mota-Vieira L, Pacheco PR, Almeida AL, Cabral R, Carvalho J, Branco CC, de Fez L, Peixoto BR, Ara\u00fajo AL, Mendon\u00e7a P: Human DNA bank in S\u00e3o Miguel Island (Azores): A resource for genetic diversity studies. Proceedings of the 21st International ISFG Congress 2006, 1288: 388-390. 10.1016\/j.ics.2005.09.174","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International ISFG Congress"},{"key":"108_CR18","unstructured":"Portugal National Institute of Statistics[http:\/\/www.ine.pt]"},{"key":"108_CR19","first-page":"211","volume":"24","author":"SI Kumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumar SI, Kumar A, Srivastava S, Saraswat VA, Aggarwal R: Low frequency of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in patients with hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction in northern India: a case-control study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2005, 24: 211-215.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"108_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12810","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12810","volume":"96","author":"CF Skibola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skibola CF, Smith MT, Kane E, Roman E, Rollinson S, Cartwright RA, Morgan G: Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene are associated with susceptibility to acute leukaemia in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96: 12810-12815. 10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12810","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-005-1313-x","volume":"19","author":"WY Almawi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Almawi WY, Tamim H, Kreidy R, Timson G, Rahal E, Nabulsi M, Finan RR, Irani-Hakime N: A case control study on the contribution of factor V-Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations to the genetic susceptibility of deep venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2005, 19: 189-196. 10.1007\/s11239-005-1313-x","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1258\/026835506775971171","volume":"21","author":"A Mansilha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mansilha A, Ara\u00fajo F, Severo M, Sampaio SM, Toledo T, Albuquerque R: Combined factor V Leiden (R506Q) and prothrombin G20210A genotyping in young patients presenting with deep venous thrombosis. Phlebology 2006, 21: 24-27. 10.1258\/026835506775971171","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"108_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2005.04.002","volume":"86","author":"F Bauduer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bauduer F, Lacombe D: Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677T and population genetics. Mol Genet Metab 2005, 86: 91-99. 10.1016\/j.ymgme.2005.04.002","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"108_CR24","first-page":"433","volume":"47","author":"T Arsov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arsov T, Miladinova D, Spiroski M: Factor V Leiden is associated with higher risk of deep venous thrombosis of large blood vessels. Croat Med J 2006, 47: 433-439.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2006.06.003","volume":"37","author":"NA Limdi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Limdi NA, Beasley TM, Allison DB, Rivers CA, Acton RT: Racial differences in the prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation among patients on chronic warfarin therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006, 37: 100-106. 10.1016\/j.bcmd.2006.06.003","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872006000100002","volume":"134","author":"F Franc\u00e8s","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franc\u00e8s F, Portol\u00e8s O, Gabriel F, Corella D, Sorl\u00ed JV, Sabater A, Alfonso JL, Guill\u00e9n M: Factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin-G20210A alleles among patients with deep venous thrombosis and in the general population from Spain. Rev Med Chil. 2006, 134(1):13-20.","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2003.09.008","volume":"83","author":"MC Ng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ng MC, Wang Y, So WY, Cheng S, Visvikis S, Zee RY, Fernandez-Cruz A, Lindpaintner K, Chan JC: Ethnic differences in the linkage disequilibrium and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 35 candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases. Genomics 2004, 83: 559-565. 10.1016\/j.ygeno.2003.09.008","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"108_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20237","volume":"51","author":"M Silingardi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silingardi M, Salvarani C, Boiardi L, Accardo P, Silingardi M, Salvarani C, Boiardi L, Accardo P, Iorio A, Olivieri I, Cantini F, Salvi F, La Corte R, Triolo G, Ciccia F, Ghirarduzzi A, Filippini D, Paolazzi G, Iori I: Factor V leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations in Italian patients with Behcet's disease and deep vein thrombosis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 51: 177-183. 10.1002\/art.20237","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"108_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199908)61:4<265::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"61","author":"T Antoniadi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Antoniadi T, Hatzis T, Kroupis C, Economou-Petersen E, Petersen MB: Prevalence of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations in a Greek population of blood donors. Am J Hematol 1999, 61: 265-267. 10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199908)61:4<265::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-#","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"108_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614563","volume":"81","author":"MJ Hessner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hessner MJ, Luhm RA, Pearson SL, Endean DJ, Friedman KD, Montgomery RR: Prevalence of prothrombin G20210A, factor V G1691A (Leiden), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) C677T in seven different populations determined by multiplex allele-specific PCR. Thromb Haemost 1999, 81: 733-738.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"108_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199801000-00014","volume":"9","author":"I Isshiki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Isshiki I, Murata M, Watanabe R, Matsubara Y, Kawano K, Aoki N, Yoshino H, Ishikawa K, Watanabe G, Ikeda Y: Frequencies of prothrombin 20210 G>A mutation may be different among races studies on Japanese populations with various forms of thrombotic disorders and healthy subjects. Blood Coagul Fibrinol 1998, 9: 105. 10.1097\/00001721-199801000-00014","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinol"},{"key":"108_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg039","volume":"96","author":"R Castro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Castro R, Rivera I, Ravasco P, Jakobs C, Blom HJ, Camilo ME, de Almeida IT: 5,10 \u2013 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T and 1298A>C mutations are genetic determinants of elevated homocysteine. QJM 2003, 96: 297-303. 10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg039","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"108_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem337","volume":"22","author":"G Callej\u00f3n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Callej\u00f3n G, Mayor-Olea A, Jim\u00e9nez AJ, Gait\u00e1n MJ, Palomares AR, Mart\u00ednez F, Ruiz M, Reyes-Engel A: Genotypes of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene as a cause of human spontaneous embryo loss. Hum Reprod 2007, 22: 3249-3254. 10.1093\/humrep\/dem337","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"10","key":"108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31217","volume":"140","author":"F Coppede","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coppede F, Marini G, Bargagna S, Stuppia L, Minichilli F, Fontana I, Colognato R, Astrea G, Palka G, Migliore L: Folate gene polymorphisms and the risk of Down syndrome pregnancies in young Italian women. Am J Med Genet A. 2006, 140(10):1083-1091. 10.1002\/ajmg.a.31217","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A."},{"key":"108_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200767","volume":"10","author":"H Zetterberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zetterberg H, Regland B, Palmer M, Ricksten A, Palmqvist L, Rymo L, Arvanitis DA, Spandidos DA, Blennow K: Increased frequency of combined methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C mutated alleles in spontaneously aborted embryos. Eur J Hum Genet 2002, 10: 113-118. 10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200767","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"108_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10076","volume":"67","author":"M Shi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shi M, Caprau D, Romitti P, Christensen K, Murray JC: Genotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium in the CEPH human diversity panel for variants in folate pathway genes MTHFR , MTHFD , MTRR , RFC1 and GCP2 . Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2003, 67: 545-549. 10.1002\/bdra.10076","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"108_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg024","volume":"157","author":"K Robien","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robien K, Ulrich CM: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and leukemia risk: a HuGE minireview. Am J Epidemiol 2003, 157: 571-582. 10.1093\/aje\/kwg024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"108_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/gte.2007.0064","volume":"12","author":"AS Sabbagh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sabbagh AS, Mahfoud Z, Taher A, Zaatari G, Daher R, Mahfouz RA: High prevalence of MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism in Lebanon. Genet Test 2008, 12: 75-80. 10.1089\/gte.2007.0064","journal-title":"Genet Test"},{"key":"108_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2006.060014","volume":"8","author":"D Bosler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bosler D, Mattson J, Crisan D: Phenotypic heterogeneity in patients with homozygous prothrombin 20210AA genotype. J Mol Diagn 2006, 8: 420-425. 10.2353\/jmoldx.2006.060014","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"108_CR40","first-page":"41","volume":"19","author":"RH van Schaik","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Schaik RH: Dose adjustments based on pharmacogenetic of CYP450 enzymes. eJIFCC 2008, 19: 41-46.","journal-title":"eJIFCC"},{"key":"108_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.2.169","volume":"9","author":"AH Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu AH, Wang P, Smith A, Haller C, Drake K, Linder M, Valdes R Jr: Dosing algorithm for warfarin using CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotyping from a multi-ethnic population: comparison with other equations. Pharmacogenomics 2008, 9: 169-178. 10.2217\/14622416.9.2.169","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"108_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0588-0","volume":"59","author":"P Dorado","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dorado P, Berecz R, Norberto MJ, Yasar \u00dc, Dahl ML, Llerena A: CYP2C9 genotypes and diclofenac, metabolism in Spanish healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003, 59: 221-225. 10.1007\/s00228-003-0588-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"108_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200401000-00003","volume":"14","author":"LE Visser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Visser LE, van Vliet M, van Schaik RHN, Kasbergen AAH, De Smet PAGM, Vulto AG, Hofman A, van Duijn CM, Stricker BH: The risk of overanticoagulation in patients with cytochrome P450 CYP2C9*2 or CYP2C9*3 alleles on acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon. Pharmacogenetics 2004, 14: 27-33. 10.1097\/00008571-200401000-00003","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"108_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/PDM.0b013e3180467811","volume":"16","author":"A Leung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leung A, Huang CK, Muto R, Liu Y, Pan Q: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism analysis might be necessary in patients with factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G2021A mutation(s). Diagn Mol Pathol 2007, 16: 184-186. 10.1097\/PDM.0b013e3180467811","journal-title":"Diagn Mol Pathol"},{"key":"108_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.10.1397","volume":"9","author":"A Jorgensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jorgensen A, Alfirevic A: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics 2008, 9: 1397-1401. 10.2217\/14622416.9.10.1397","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"108_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.1240","volume":"70","author":"Y Yamada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamada Y: Identification of genetic factors and development of genetic risk diagnosis systems for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Circ J 2006, 70: 1240-1248. 10.1253\/circj.70.1240","journal-title":"Circ J"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1477-9560-7-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T23:18:53Z","timestamp":1630451933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thrombosisjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1477-9560-7-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-9560-7-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"9"}}