{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1768381831124,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Retrovirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T19:31:41Z","timestamp":1242847901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe: a phylogeographic approach"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"name":"the SPREAD Programme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Paraskevis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pybus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gkikas","family":"Magiorkinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Hatzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annemarie MJ","family":"Wensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David A","family":"van de Vijver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guiseppe","family":"Angarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"\u00c5sj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Balotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Boeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Chaix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzie","family":"Coughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"de Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Derdelinckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zehava","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Hamouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"IM","family":"Hoepelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Horban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Korn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"K\u00fccherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Leitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Loveday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eilidh","family":"MacRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I","family":"Maljkovic-Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eline LM","family":"Op de Coul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vidar","family":"Ormaasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Puchhammer-St\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mika O","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Schmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J","family":"Stanczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Struck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Van Laethem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M","family":"Violin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Yerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles A","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne-Mieke","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198910000-00001","volume":"3","author":"M Peeters","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peeters M, Honore C, Huet T, Bedjabaga L, Ossari S, Bussi P, Cooper RW, Delaporte E: Isolation and partial characterization of an HIV-related virus occurring naturally in chimpanzees in Gabon. Aids. 1989, 3: 625-630. 10.1097\/00002030-198910000-00001.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199205000-00002","volume":"6","author":"M Peeters","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peeters M, Fransen K, Delaporte E, Van den Haesevelde M, Gershy-Damet GM, Kestens L, van der Groen G, Piot P: Isolation and characterization of a new chimpanzee lentivirus (simian immunodeficiency virus isolate cpz-ant) from a wild-captured chimpanzee. Aids. 1992, 6: 447-451.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/17130","volume":"397","author":"F Gao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Chen Y, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF, Cummins LB, Arthur LO, Peeters M, Shaw GM, et al: Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature. 1999, 397: 436-441. 10.1038\/17130.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1054_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.607","volume":"287","author":"BH Hahn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hahn BH, Shaw GM, De Cock KM, Sharp PM: AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications. Science. 2000, 287: 607-614. 10.1126\/science.287.5453.607.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1054_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0280275","volume":"28","author":"PM Sharp","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sharp PM, Bailes E, Gao F, Beer BE, Hirsch VM, Hahn BH: Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses: estimating the time-scale. Biochem Soc Trans. 2000, 28: 275-282.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"1054_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00382-06","volume":"80","author":"JL Heeney","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heeney JL, Rutjens E, Verschoor EJ, Niphuis H, ten Haaft P, Rouse S, McClure H, Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh S, Bogers W, Salas M, et al: Transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVcpz and the evolution of infection in the presence and absence of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in chimpanzees. J Virol. 2006, 80: 7208-7218. 10.1128\/JVI.00382-06.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1054_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705329104","volume":"104","author":"MT Gilbert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gilbert MT, Rambaut A, Wlasiuk G, Spira TJ, Pitchenik AE, Worobey M: The emergence of HIV\/AIDS in the Americas and beyond. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007, 104: 18566-18570. 10.1073\/pnas.0705329104.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1054_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.11.6359-6366.2003","volume":"77","author":"KE Robbins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robbins KE, Lemey P, Pybus OG, Jaffe HW, Youngpairoj AS, Brown TM, Salemi M, Vandamme AM, Kalish ML: U.S. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic: date of origin, population history, and characterization of early strains. J Virol. 2003, 77: 6359-6366. 10.1128\/JVI.77.11.6359-6366.2003.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1054_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1984.tb37153.x","volume":"437","author":"JB Brunet","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brunet JB, Bouvet E, Massari V: Epidemiological aspects of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in France. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984, 437: 334-339. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1984.tb37153.x.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1054_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02032823","volume":"3","author":"MP Glauser","year":"1984","unstructured":"Glauser MP, Francioli P: Clinical and epidemiological survey of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1984, 3: 55-58. 10.1007\/BF02032823.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1054_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6445.573","volume":"289","author":"M Melbye","year":"1984","unstructured":"Melbye M, Biggar RJ, Ebbesen P, Sarngadharan MG, Weiss SH, Gallo RC, Blattner WA: Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish homosexual men: prevalence, transmission, and disease outcome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984, 289: 573-575. 10.1136\/bmj.289.6445.573.","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"1054_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200309403","volume":"16","author":"C Casado","year":"2000","unstructured":"Casado C, Urtasun I, Saragosti S, Chaix ML, de Rossi A, Cattelan AM, Dietrich U, Lopez-Galindez C: Different distribution of HIV type 1 genetic variants in European patients with distinct risk practices. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000, 16: 299-304. 10.1089\/088922200309403.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1996.12.1179","volume":"12","author":"VV Lukashov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lukashov VV, Kuiken CL, Vlahov D, Coutinho RA, Goudsmit J: Evidence for HIV type 1 strains of U.S. intravenous drug users as founders of AIDS epidemic among intravenous drug users in northern Europe. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996, 12: 1179-1183. 10.1089\/aid.1996.12.1179.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402233100804","volume":"310","author":"N Clumeck","year":"1984","unstructured":"Clumeck N, Sonnet J, Taelman H, Mascart-Lemone F, De Bruyere M, Vandeperre P, Dasnoy J, Marcelis L, Lamy M, Jonas C, et al: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in African patients. N Engl J Med. 1984, 310: 492-497.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1054_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90245-5","volume":"1","author":"D Vittecoq","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vittecoq D, May T, Roue RT, Stern M, Mayaud C, Chavanet P, Borsa F, Jeantils P, Armengaud M, Modai J, et al: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after travelling in Africa: an epidemiological study in seventeen Caucasian patients. Lancet. 1987, 1: 612-615. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90245-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1054_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200312050-00011","volume":"17","author":"ML Chaix","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chaix ML, Descamps D, Harzic M, Schneider V, Deveau C, Tamalet C, Pellegrin I, Izopet J, Ruffault A, Masquelier B, et al: Stable prevalence of genotypic drug resistance mutations but increase in non-B virus among patients with primary HIV-1 infection in France. Aids. 2003, 17: 2635-2643. 10.1097\/00002030-200312050-00011.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000155201.51232.2e","volume":"38","author":"D Descamps","year":"2005","unstructured":"Descamps D, Chaix ML, Andre P, Brodard V, Cottalorda J, Deveau C, Harzic M, Ingrand D, Izopet J, Kohli E, et al: French national sentinel survey of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients with HIV-1 primary infection and in antiretroviral-naive chronically infected patients in 2001\u20132002. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005, 38: 545-552. 10.1097\/01.qai.0000155201.51232.2e.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1054_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200212060-00012","volume":"16","author":"S Deroo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deroo S, Robert I, Fontaine E, Lambert C, Plesseria JM, Arendt V, Staub T, Hemmer R, Schneider F, Schmit JC: HIV-1 subtypes in Luxembourg, 1983\u20132000. Aids. 2002, 16: 2461-2467. 10.1097\/00002030-200212060-00012.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026863","volume":"33","author":"R Machuca","year":"2001","unstructured":"Machuca R, Bogh M, Salminen M, Gerstoft J, Kvinesdal B, Pedersen C, Obel N, Nielsen H, Nielsen C: HIV-1 subtypes in Denmark. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001, 33: 697-701. 10.1080\/00365540110026863.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.343","volume":"13","author":"A Sonnerborg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sonnerborg A, Durdevic S, Giesecke J, Sallberg M: Dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype distribution in the Swedish HIV-1 epidemic during the period 1980 to 1993. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997, 13: 343-345. 10.1089\/aid.1997.13.343.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00009","volume":"35","author":"J Snoeck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Snoeck J, Van Laethem K, Hermans P, Van Wijngaerden E, Derdelinckx I, Schrooten Y, Vijver van de DA, De Wit S, Clumeck N, Vandamme AM: Rising prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Belgium: 1983\u20132001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004, 35: 279-285. 10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00009.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1054_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00313.x","volume":"6","author":"E Lospitao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lospitao E, Alvarez A, Soriano V, Holguin A: HIV-1 subtypes in Spain: a retrospective analysis from 1995 to 2003. HIV Med. 2005, 6: 313-320. 10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00313.x.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"1054_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199910010-00010","volume":"22","author":"J Boni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boni J, Pyra H, Gebhardt M, Perrin L, Burgisser P, Matter L, Fierz W, Erb P, Piffaretti JC, Minder E, et al: High frequency of non-B subtypes in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Switzerland. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999, 22: 174-179.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1054_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111230-00009","volume":"15","author":"EL Op de Coul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Op de Coul EL, Coutinho RA, van der Schoot A, van Doornum GJ, Lukashov VV, Goudsmit J, Cornelissen M: The impact of immigration on env HIV-1 subtype distribution among heterosexuals in the Netherlands: influx of subtype B and non-B strains. Aids. 2001, 15: 2277-2286. 10.1097\/00002030-200111230-00009.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1086\/521677","volume":"196","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paraskevis D, Magiorkinis E, Magiorkinis G, Sypsa V, Paparizos V, Lazanas M, Gargalianos P, Antoniadou A, Panos G, Chrysos G, et al: Increasing prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A in Greece: estimating epidemic history and origin. J Infect Dis. 2007, 196: 1167-1176. 10.1086\/521677.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.669","volume":"14","author":"A Bobkov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bobkov A, Kazennova E, Selimova L, Bobkova M, Khanina T, Ladnaya N, Kravchenko A, Pokrovsky V, Cheingsong-Popov R, Weber J: A sudden epidemic of HIV type 1 among injecting drug users in the former Soviet Union: identification of subtype A, subtype B, and novel gagA\/envB recombinants. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998, 14: 669-676. 10.1089\/aid.1998.14.669.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.1.45","volume":"171","author":"EC Holmes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Holmes EC, Zhang LQ, Robertson P, Cleland A, Harvey E, Simmonds P, Leigh Brown AJ: The molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Edinburgh. J Infect Dis. 1995, 171: 45-53.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8656","volume":"235","author":"AJ Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown AJ, Lobidel D, Wade CM, Rebus S, Phillips AN, Brettle RP, France AJ, Leen CS, McMenamin J, McMillan A, et al: The molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in six cities in Britain and Ireland. Virology. 1997, 235: 166-177. 10.1006\/viro.1997.8656.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1054_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1086\/320764","volume":"32","author":"MM Thomson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thomson MM, Najera R: Travel and the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-B subtype genetic forms into Western countries. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 32: 1732-1737. 10.1086\/320764.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400458721","volume":"32","author":"K Liitsola","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liitsola K, Holmstrom P, Laukkanen T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Leinikki P, Salminen MO: Analysis of HIV-1 genetic subtypes in Finland reveals good correlation between molecular and epidemiological data. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000, 32: 475-480. 10.1080\/003655400458721.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.01.009","volume":"7","author":"AC Palma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palma AC, Araujo F, Duque V, Borges F, Paixao MT, Camacho R: Molecular epidemiology and prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Portugal. Infect Genet Evol. 2007, 7: 391-398. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.01.009.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1054_CR32","first-page":"31","volume-title":"1st International Workshop on HIV Transmission; Toronto, Canada","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paraskevis D, Wensing AMJ, Vercauteren J, Vijver van de DA, Albert J, Asjo B, on behalf of the SPREAD-programme, et al: Prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes among newly HIV-1 diagnosed individuals during 2002\u20132003 in Europe: Evidence for a continuous introduction of non-B subtypes. 1st International Workshop on HIV Transmission; Toronto, Canada. 2006, 31-Abstract No 34"},{"key":"1054_CR33","volume-title":"Sixth European HIV Drug Resistance Workshop; Budapest, Hungary","author":"A Abecasis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abecasis A, Wensing A, Paraskevis D, Vercauteuren D, Vijver Van de D, Albert J, et al: obotS-p Demographic determinants of HIV-1 subtype in Europe. Sixth European HIV Drug Resistance Workshop; Budapest, Hungary. 2008"},{"key":"1054_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00216-7","volume":"18","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drummond AJ, Pybus OG, Rambaut A, Forsberg R, Rodrigo A: Measurably evolving populations. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution. 2003, 18: 481-488. 10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00216-7.","journal-title":"TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"1054_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7824947","volume":"267","author":"JM Coffin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Coffin JM: HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science. 1995, 267: 483-489. 10.1126\/science.7824947.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1054_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10864","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10864","volume":"93","author":"T Leitner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leitner T, Escanilla D, Franzen C, Uhlen M, Albert J: Accurate reconstruction of a known HIV-1 transmission history by phylogenetic tree analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996, 93: 10864-10869. 10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10864.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1054_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700435104","volume":"104","author":"RG Wallace","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wallace RG, Hodac H, Lathrop RH, Fitch WM: A statistical phylogeography of influenza A H5N1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007, 104: 4473-4478. 10.1073\/pnas.0700435104.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1054_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162912","volume":"62","author":"EC Holmes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holmes EC: Evolutionary history and phylogeography of human viruses. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2008, 62: 307-328. 10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162912.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1054_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1086\/422606","volume":"190","author":"T Nakano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nakano T, Lu L, Liu P, Pybus OG: Viral gene sequences reveal the variable history of hepatitis C virus infection among countries. J Infect Dis. 2004, 190: 1098-1108. 10.1086\/422606.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.603","volume":"123","author":"M Slatkin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Slatkin M, Maddison WP: A cladistic measure of gene flow inferred from the phylogenies of alleles. Genetics. 1989, 123: 603-613.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1054_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.2307\/2412116","volume":"20","author":"WM Fitch","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fitch WM: Toward defining the course of evolution: Minimal change for a specific tree topology. Syst Zool. 1971, 20: 406-416. 10.2307\/2412116.","journal-title":"Syst Zool"},{"key":"1054_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.1299","volume":"14","author":"VV Lukashov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lukashov VV, Karamov EV, Eremin VF, Titov LP, Goudsmit J: Extreme founder effect in an HIV type 1 subtype A epidemic among drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998, 14: 1299-1303. 10.1089\/aid.1998.14.1299.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199814000-00023","volume":"12","author":"K Liitsola","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liitsola K, Tashkinova I, Laukkanen T, Korovina G, Smolskaja T, Momot O, Mashkilleyson N, Chaplinskas S, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Vanhatalo J, et al: HIV-1 genetic subtype A\/B recombinant strain causing an explosive epidemic in injecting drug users in Kaliningrad. AIDS. 1998, 12: 1907-1919. 10.1097\/00002030-199814000-00023.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1054_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220260190380","volume":"18","author":"AA Nabatov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nabatov AA, Kravchenko ON, Lyulchuk MG, Shcherbinskaya AM, Lukashov VV: Simultaneous introduction of HIV type 1 subtype A and B viruses into injecting drug users in southern Ukraine at the beginning of the epidemic in the former Soviet Union. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2002, 18: 891-895. 10.1089\/08892220260190380.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.1195","volume":"13","author":"A Bobkov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bobkov A, Cheingsong-Popov R, Selimova L, Ladnaya N, Kazennova E, Kravchenko A, Fedotov E, Saukhat S, Zverev S, Pokrovsky V, Weber J: An HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in the former Soviet Union caused by a homogeneous subtype A strain. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997, 13: 1195-1201. 10.1089\/aid.1997.13.1195.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1054_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1086\/512088","volume":"195","author":"BG Brenner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, Moisi D, Ntemgwa M, Matte C, Baril JG, Thomas R, Rouleau D, Bruneau J, et al: High rates of forward transmission events after acute\/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2007, 195: 951-959. 10.1086\/512088.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050050","volume":"5","author":"F Lewis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lewis F, Hughes GJ, Rambaut A, Pozniak A, Leigh Brown AJ: Episodic sexual transmission of HIV revealed by molecular phylodynamics. PLoS Med. 2008, 5: e50-10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050050.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1054_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13050","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00889-07","volume":"81","author":"RJ Gifford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gifford RJ, de Oliveira T, Rambaut A, Pybus OG, Dunn D, Vandamme AM, Kellam P, Pillay D: Phylogenetic surveillance of viral genetic diversity and the evolving molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 2007, 81: 13050-13056. 10.1128\/JVI.00889-07.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1054_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407534102","volume":"102","author":"S Hue","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hue S, Pillay D, Clewley JP, Pybus OG: Genetic analysis reveals the complex structure of HIV-1 transmission within defined risk groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 4425-4429. 10.1073\/pnas.0407534102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1054_CR50","volume-title":"16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Montreal, Canada","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paraskevis D, Zavitsanou M, Magiorkinis E, Papa A, Magiorkinis G, Beloukas A, Sypsa V, Nikolopoulos G, Malisiovas N, Hatzakis A: Molecular typing of the subtype B transmission networks: a nationwide study to estimate the contact patterns of the HIV epidemic in Greece. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Montreal, Canada. 2009"},{"key":"1054_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101260-00017","volume":"15","author":"EL Op de Coul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Op de Coul EL, Prins M, Cornelissen M, Schoot van der A, Boufassa F, Brettle RP, Hernandez-Aguado L, Schiffer V, McMenamin J, Rezza G, et al: Using phylogenetic analysis to trace HIV-1 migration among western European injecting drug users seroconverting from 1984 to 1997. AIDS. 2001, 15: 257-266. 10.1097\/00002030-200101260-00017.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1054_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.03.004","volume":"8","author":"H Skar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Skar H, Sylvan S, Hansson HB, Gustavsson O, Boman H, Albert J, Leitner T: Multiple HIV-1 introductions into the Swedish intravenous drug user population. Infect Genet Evol. 2008, 8: 545-552. 10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.03.004.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1054_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f5e062","volume":"22","author":"AMJ Wensing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wensing AMJ, Vercauteren J, Vijver van de DA, Albert J, Asjo B, Balotta C, Camacho R, Coughlan S, Grossman Z, Horban A, et al: Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 in Europe remains limited to single classes. Aids. 2008, 22: 625-635. 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f5e062.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000161778.15568.a1","volume":"19","author":"S Hue","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hue S, Clewley JP, Cane PA, Pillay D: Investigation of HIV-1 transmission events by phylogenetic methods: requirement for scientific rigour. Aids. 2005, 19: 449-450.","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"1054_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11981","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.18.11981-11989.2005","volume":"79","author":"P Lemey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemey P, Derdelinckx I, Rambaut A, Van Laethem K, Dumont S, Vermeulen S, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandamme AM: Molecular footprint of drug-selective pressure in a human immunodeficiency virus transmission chain. J Virol. 2005, 79: 11981-11989. 10.1128\/JVI.79.18.11981-11989.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1054_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-004-2651-6","volume":"59","author":"D Paraskevis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paraskevis D, Magiorkinis E, Magiorkinis G, Kiosses VG, Lemey P, Vandamme AM, Rambaut A, Hatzakis A: Phylogenetic reconstruction of a known HIV-1 CRF04_cpx transmission network using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. J Mol Evol. 2004, 59: 709-717. 10.1007\/s00239-004-2651-6.","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"1054_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1086\/432916","volume":"192","author":"AM Wensing","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wensing AM, Vijver DA, Angarano G, Asjo B, Balotta C, Boeri E, Camacho R, Chaix ML, Costagliola D, De Luca A, et al: Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in untreated individuals in Europe: implications for clinical management. J Infect Dis. 2005, 192: 958-966. 10.1086\/432916.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1054_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ: CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22: 4673-4680. 10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1054_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150802429642","volume":"57","author":"A Stamatakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J: A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Syst Biol. 2008, 57: 758-771. 10.1080\/10635150802429642.","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"1054_CR60","volume-title":"MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution","author":"WP Maddison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maddison WP, Maddison DR: MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. 2003, Sunderland, Mass: Sinaeur Associates, 4","edition":"4"},{"key":"1054_CR61","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison","author":"D Sankoff","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sankoff D, Cedergren RJ: Simultaneous comparison of three or more sequences related by a tree. Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison. Edited by: Sankoff D, Kruskal JB. 1983, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 253-263."},{"key":"1054_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(90)90124-H","volume":"98","author":"I Rinsma","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rinsma I, Hendy M, Penny D: Minimally colored trees. Math Biosci. 1990, 98: 201-210. 10.1016\/0025-5564(90)90124-H.","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"1054_CR63","volume-title":"Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.6","author":"WP Maddison","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maddison WP, Maddison DR: Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.6. 2009"}],"container-title":["Retrovirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:43:38Z","timestamp":1633481018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/retrovirology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4690-6-49","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"article-number":"49"}}