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Although extensively documented in various types of human cancers and viral infections, controversy exists in the exact mechanism of action of IFN-\u03b1 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retroviral infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IFN-\u03b1 displayed strong anti-HIV-1 effects in HIV-1\/HTLV-1 co-infected MT-4 cells in vitro, demonstrated by the dose-dependent inhibition of the HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200983.5\u2009IU\/ml, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and p24 levels in cell-free supernatant (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.2\u2009IU\/ml, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In contrast, IFN-\u03b1 treatment did not affect cell viability or HTLV-1 viral mRNA levels in HTLV-1 mono-infected cell lines, based on flow cytometry and nCounter analysis, respectively. However, we were able to confirm the previously described post-transcriptional inhibition of HTLV-1 p19 secretion by IFN-\u03b1 in cell lines (p\u2009=\u20090.0045), and extend this finding to primary Adult T cell Leukemia patient samples (p\u2009=\u20090.031). In addition, through microarray and nCounter analysis, we performed the first genome-wide simultaneous quantification of complete human and retroviral transciptomes, demonstrating significant transcriptional activation of interferon-stimulated genes without concomitant decrease of HTLV-1 mRNA levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, our results indicate that both the absence of in vitro antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity as well as the modest post-transcriptional antiviral activity of IFN-\u03b1 against HTLV-1, were not due to a cell-intrinsic defect in IFN-\u03b1 signalisation, but rather represents a retrovirus-specific phenomenon, considering the strong HIV-1 inhibition in co-infected cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-9-171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T12:13:53Z","timestamp":1345724033000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Simultaneous RNA quantification of human and retroviral genomes reveals intact interferon signaling in HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cell lines"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Britta","family":"Moens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Pannecouque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Talledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gotuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Khouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Achil\u00e9a","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Galv\u00e3o-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne-Mieke","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Van Weyenbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70081-6","volume":"7","author":"K Verdonck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verdonck K, Gonzalez E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection. 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