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The rationale is that carbohydrate restriction improves glycemic control and reduces insulin fluctuations which are primary targets. Experiments are summarized showing that carbohydrate-restricted diets are at least as effective for weight loss as low-fat diets and that substitution of fat for carbohydrate is generally beneficial for risk of cardiovascular disease. These beneficial effects of carbohydrate restriction do not require weight loss. Finally, the point is reiterated that carbohydrate restriction improves all of the features of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-5-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,8]],"date-time":"2008-04-08T18:13:34Z","timestamp":1207678414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Accurso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Dahlqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Draznin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Feinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eugene J","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gleed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David B","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert H","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anssi H","family":"Manninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samy I","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen Vesti","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Ravnskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl S","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James R","family":"Sowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Sundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeff S","family":"Volek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric C","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Wortman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mary C","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-S048","volume":"30","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2007","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association: Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes-2007. 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