{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1776919969876,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagn Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-9-90","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T11:02:21Z","timestamp":1399374141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Adult primary paratesticular mesenchymal tumors with emphasis on a case presentation and discussion of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrea B","family":"Galosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Scarpelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Mazzucchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lopez-Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Giustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Montironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"970_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57146-3","volume":"120","author":"PC Sogani","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sogani PC, Grabstald H, Whitmore WF: Spermatic cord sarcoma in adults. J Urol. 1978, 120: 301-305.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"970_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-8-142","volume":"8","author":"K Hatanaka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hatanaka K, Yoshioka T, Tasaki T, Tanimoto A: Paratesticular dedifferentiated liposarcoma with leiomyosarcomatous differentiation: a case report with a review of literature. Diagn Pathol. 2013, 8: 142-10.1186\/1746-1596-8-142.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-2-23","volume":"2","author":"HB Armah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Armah HB, Rao UN, Parwani AV: Primary angiosarcoma of the testis: report of a rare entity and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol. 2007, 2: 23-10.1186\/1746-1596-2-23.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52.e19-25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2014.01.025","volume":"32","author":"D Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez D, Barrisford GW, Sanchez A, Preston MA, Kreydin EI, Olumi AF: Primary spermatic cord tumors: disease characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes. Urol Oncol. 2014, 32: 52.e19-25-","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"970_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54650-9","volume":"126","author":"PH Blitzer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Blitzer PH, Dosoretz DE, Proppe KH, Shipley WU: Treatment of malignant tumors of the spermatic cord: a study of 10 cases and a review of the literature. J Urol. 1981, 126: 611-614.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"970_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200109000-00004","volume":"25","author":"C Fisher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fisher C, Goldblum JR, Epstein JI, Montgomery E: Leiomyosarcoma of the paratesticular region: a clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001, 25: 1143-1149. 10.1097\/00000478-200109000-00004.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65758-8","volume":"166","author":"MT Ballo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ballo MT, Zagars GK, Pisters PW, Feig BW, Patel SR, von Eschenbach AC: Spermatic cord sarcoma: outcome, patterns of failure and management. J Urol. 2001, 166: 1306-1310. 10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65758-8.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"970_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2003.11.014","volume":"10","author":"J Coleman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coleman J, Brennan MF, Alektiar K, Russo P: Adult spermatic cord sarcomas: management and results. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003, 10: 669-675. 10.1245\/ASO.2003.11.014.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"970_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960501)77:9<1873::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"77","author":"MA Fagundes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fagundes MA, Zietman AL, Althausen AF, Coen JJ, Shipley WU: The management of spermatic cord sarcoma. Cancer. 1996, 77: 1873-1876. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960501)77:9<1873::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-X.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"970_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199703000-00002","volume":"21","author":"WH Henricks","year":"1997","unstructured":"Henricks WH, Chu YC, Goldblum JR, Weiss SW: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 155 cases with a proposal for an expanded definition of dedifferentiation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997, 21: 271-281. 10.1097\/00000478-199703000-00002.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02923999","volume":"12","author":"G Cardenosa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cardenosa G, Papanicolaou N, Fung CY, Tung GA, Yoder IC, Althausen AF, Shipley WU: Spermatic cord sarcomas: sonographic and CT features. Urol Radiol. 1990, 12: 163-167. 10.1007\/BF02923999.","journal-title":"Urol Radiol"},{"key":"970_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.204.1.9205221","volume":"204","author":"MC Frates","year":"1997","unstructured":"Frates MC, Benson CB, DiSalvo DN, Brown DL, Laing FC, Doubilet PM: Solid extratesticular masses evaluated with sonography: pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1997, 204: 43-46.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"970_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1991.tb01479.x","volume":"18","author":"PL Newman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Newman PL, Fletcher CD: Smooth muscle tumours of the external genitalia: clinicopathological analysis of a series. Histopathology. 1991, 18: 523-529. 10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1991.tb01479.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"970_CR14","first-page":"307","volume":"17","author":"AL Folpe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Folpe AL, Weiss SW: Paratesticular soft tissue neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2000, 17: 307-318.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR15","first-page":"55","volume":"1","author":"P Dangle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dangle P, Basavaraj DR, Bhattarai S, Paul AB, Biyani CS: Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord: case report and literature review. Can Urol Assoc J. 2007, 1: 55-58.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"970_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02829.x","volume":"58","author":"AS Karakayali","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karakayali AS, Yildiz M, Pekcici MR, Kaptano\u011flu B: Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord: an unusual tumor misdiagnosed as inguinal hernia in a geriatric patient. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010, 58: 988-989. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02829.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"970_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.102723","volume":"28","author":"M Komeya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Komeya M, Sahoda T, Sugiura S, Sawada T, Kitami K, Iemoto Y: Metastasis of primary testicular leiomyosarcoma to the retroperitoneal space. Indian J Urol. 2012, 28: 343-346. 10.4103\/0970-1591.102723.","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"key":"970_CR18","first-page":"475","volume":"60","author":"E Voccia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Voccia E, Mannella E, Petrocca S, Picci R, Riso V, Bruni R: Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma: a case report. Chir Ital. 2008, 60: 475-478.","journal-title":"Chir Ital"},{"key":"970_CR19","first-page":"399","volume":"75","author":"LB Weinshank","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinshank LB, Kellner D, Nash I: Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma: case report and review. Conn Med. 2011, 75: 399-403.","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"970_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E121","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.11008","volume":"5","author":"VT Yuen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuen VT, Kirby SD, Woo YC: Leiomyosarcoma of the epididymis: 2 cases and review of the literature. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011, 5: E121-E124. 10.5489\/cuaj.11008.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"970_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v3.i4.114","volume":"3","author":"I Kyratzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kyratzi I, Lolis E, Antypa E, Lianou MA, Exarhos D: Imaging features of a huge spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma: review of the literature. World J Radiol. 2011, 3: 114-119. 10.4329\/wjr.v3.i4.114.","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"970_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1985.tb02432.x","volume":"9","author":"R Salm","year":"1985","unstructured":"Salm R, Evans DJ: Myxoid leiomyosarcoma. Histopathology. 1985, 9: 159-169. 10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1985.tb02432.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"970_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00323.x","volume":"27","author":"W Merchant","year":"1995","unstructured":"Merchant W, Calonje E, Fletcher CD: Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma: a morphological subgroup within the heterogeneous family of so-called inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Histopathology. 1995, 27: 525-532. 10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00323.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"970_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00605.x","volume":"25","author":"S Piana","year":"1994","unstructured":"Piana S, Roncaroli F: Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of retroperitoneum with granular cell change. Histopathology. 1994, 25: 90-93. 10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00605.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"970_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199403000-00002","volume":"18","author":"S Suster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Suster S: Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of five cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994, 18: 232-240. 10.1097\/00000478-199403000-00002.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"970_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860515)57:10<2077::AID-CNCR2820571033>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"57","author":"H Hashimoto","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hashimoto H, Daimaru Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M: Leiomyosarcoma of the external soft tissues. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. Cancer. 1986, 57: 2077-2088. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19860515)57:10<2077::AID-CNCR2820571033>3.0.CO;2-T.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"970_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810815)48:4<1022::AID-CNCR2820480429>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"48","author":"AG Wile","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wile AG, Evans HL, Romsdahl MM: Leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study. Cancer. 1981, 48: 1022-1032. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19810815)48:4<1022::AID-CNCR2820480429>3.0.CO;2-5.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"970_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199805)22:1<16::AID-GCC3>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"22","author":"F Mertens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mertens F, Fletcher CD, Dal Cin P, De Wever I, Mandahl N, Mitelman F, Rosai J, Rydholm A, Sciot R, Tallini G, Van den Berghe H, Vanni R, Will\u00e9n H: Cytogenetic analysis of 46 pleomorphic soft tissue sarcomas and correlation with morphologic and clinical features: a report of the CHAMP Study Group: chromosomes and MorPhology. Gene Chromosome Canc. 1998, 22: 16-25. 10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199805)22:1<16::AID-GCC3>3.0.CO;2-A.","journal-title":"Gene Chromosome Canc"},{"key":"970_CR29","first-page":"533","volume":"6","author":"I Yamamoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamamoto I, Oshiro Y, Fukuda T, Tsuneyoshi M: Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the soft parts: a reassessment by histology and immunohistochemistry of pleomorphic soft tissue sarcomas. Oncol Rep. 1999, 6: 533-537.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"970_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840201)53:3<530::AID-CNCR2820530327>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"53","author":"J Costa","year":"1984","unstructured":"Costa J, Wesley RA, Glatstein E, Rosenberg SA: The grading of soft tissue sarcomas: results of a clinicohistopathologic correlation in a series of 163 cases. Cancer. 1984, 53: 530-541. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19840201)53:3<530::AID-CNCR2820530327>3.0.CO;2-D.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"970_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.1.350","volume":"15","author":"L Guillou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Guillou L, Coindre JM, Bonichon F, Nguyen BB, Terrier P, Collin F, Vilain MO, Mandard AM, Le Doussal V, Leroux A, Jacquemier J, Duplay H, Sastre-Garau X, Costa J: Comparative study of the National Cancer Institute and French Federation of Cancer Centers sarcoma group grading systems in a population of 410 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 1997, 15: 350-362.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"970_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62016-0","volume":"103","author":"LH Banowsky","year":"1970","unstructured":"Banowsky LH, Shultz GN: Sarcoma of the spermatic cord and tunics: review of the literature, case report and discussion of the role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Urol. 1970, 103: 628-631.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"970_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37787-X","volume":"146","author":"CN Catton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Catton CN, Cummings BJ, Fornasier V, O\u2019Sullivan B, Quirt I, Warr D: Adult paratesticular sarcomas: a review of 21 cases. J Urol. 1991, 146: 342-345.","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1746-1596-9-90.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T04:00:21Z","timestamp":1630555221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1746-1596-9-90"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-1596-9-90","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"90"}}