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This study aimed to assess the effect of breed and dietary silage level on the expression patterns of key genes controlling lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and <jats:italic>longissimus lumborum<\/jats:italic> (LL) muscle of cattle. To that purpose, forty bulls from two genetically diverse Portuguese bovine breeds with distinct maturity rates, Alentejana and Barros\u00e3, were selected and fed either low (30% maize silage\/70% concentrate) or high silage (70% maize silage\/30% concentrate) diets.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results suggested that enhanced deposition of fatty acids in the SAT from Barros\u00e3 bulls, when compared to Alentejana, could be due to higher expression levels of lipogenesis (<jats:italic>SCD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LPL<\/jats:italic>) and \u03b2-oxidation (<jats:italic>CRAT<\/jats:italic>) related genes. Our results also indicated that <jats:italic>SREBF1<\/jats:italic> expression in the SAT is increased by feeding the low silage diet. Together, these results point out to a higher lipid turnover in the SAT of Barros\u00e3 bulls when compared to Alentejana. In turn, lipid deposition in the LL muscle is related to the expression of adipogenic (<jats:italic>PPARG<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FABP4<\/jats:italic>) and lipogenic (<jats:italic>ACACA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SCD<\/jats:italic>) genes. The positive correlation between <jats:italic>ACACA<\/jats:italic> expression levels and total lipids, as well trans fatty acids, points to ACACA as a major player in intramuscular deposition in ruminants. Moreover, results reinforce the role of <jats:italic>FABP4<\/jats:italic> in intramuscular fat development and the SAT as the major site for lipid metabolism in ruminants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, the results showed that SAT and LL muscle fatty acid composition are mostly dependent on the genetic background. In addition, dietary silage level impacted on muscle lipid metabolism to a greater extent than on that of SAT, as evaluated by gene expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Moreover, the response to diet composition evaluated through mRNA levels and fatty acid composition showed interesting differences between Alentejana and Barros\u00e3 bulls. These findings provide evidence that the genetic background should be taken into account while devising diet-based strategies to manipulate fatty acid composition of beef cattle tissues.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T00:14:22Z","timestamp":1371428062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Expression of genes controlling fat deposition in two genetically diverse beef cattle breeds fed high or low silage diets"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana Sofia Henriques","family":"da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Virg\u00ednia Maria Rico","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos Mendes Godinho Andrade","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Mestre Prates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2011-0014","volume":"25","author":"JF Hocquette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hocquette JF, Chatellier V: Prospects for the European beef sector over the next 30 years. 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