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However, at the cellular level, the functional consequences of recurrent genomic abnormalities and how they can be linked to the phenotype are much less investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method and results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We report an example of a functional analysis of two genes from a new, overlapping microdeletion of 2p13.2 region (from 72,140,702-72,924,626). The subjects shared intellectual disability (ID), language delay, hyperactivity, facial asymmetry, ear malformations, and vertebral and\/or craniofacial abnormalities. The overlapping region included two genes, <jats:italic>EXOC6B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP26B1<\/jats:italic>, which are involved in exocytosis\/Notch signaling and retinoic acid (RA) metabolism, respectively, and are of critical importance for early morphogenesis, symmetry as well as craniofacial, skeleton and brain development. The abnormal function of <jats:italic>EXOC6B<\/jats:italic> was documented in patient lymphoblasts by its reduced expression and with perturbed expression of Notch signaling pathway genes <jats:italic>HES1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RBPJ<\/jats:italic>, previously noted to be the consequence of <jats:italic>EXOC6B<\/jats:italic> dysfunction in animal and cell line models. Similarly, the function of <jats:italic>CYP26B1<\/jats:italic> was affected by the deletion since the retinoic acid induced expression of this gene in patient lymphoblasts was significantly lower compared to controls (8% of controls).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Haploinsufficiency of CYP26B1 and EXOC6B genes involved in retinoic acid and exocyst\/Notch signaling pathways, respectively, has not been reported previously in humans. The developmental anomalies and phenotypic features of our subjects are in keeping with the dysfunction of these genes, considering their known role. Documenting their dysfunction at the cellular level in patient cells enhanced our understanding of biological processes which contribute to the clinical phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:14:52Z","timestamp":1373415292000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Phenotypic and functional consequences of haploinsufficiency of genes from exocyst and retinoic acid pathway due to a recurrent microdeletion of 2p13.2"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiadi","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra A","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Martell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chansonette","family":"Badukke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bauke","family":"Ylstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Isoherranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Evica","family":"Rajcan-Separovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<139::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"87","author":"FL Lacbawan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lacbawan FL, White BJ, Anguiano A, Rigdon DT, Ball KD, Bromage GB, Yang X, DiFazio MP, Levin SW: Rare interstitial deletion (2)(p11.2p13) in a child with pericentric inversion (2)(p11.2q13) of paternal origin. 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