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The aim of this work is to understand the influence of the natural infectivity of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>strains in the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we have characterized four strains of<jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>in terms of molecular typing,<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>cultivation and differentiation. Two strains were isolated from HIV+\u2009patients with visceral leishmaniasis (Bibiano and E390M), one strain was isolated from a cutaneous lesion in an immunocompetent patient (HL) and another internal reference strain causative of visceral leishmaniasis (ST) also from an immunocompetent patient was used for comparison. For this objective, we have compared their virulence by<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>infectivity in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular typing unraveled a new<jats:italic>k26<\/jats:italic>sequence attributed to MON-284 zymodeme and allowed the generation of a molecular signature for the identification of each strain.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>cultivation enabled the production of promastigotes with comparable growth curves and metacyclogenesis development. The HL strain was the most infective, showing the highest parasite loads<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>that were corroborated with the<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>assays, 6 weeks post-infection in BALB\/c mice. The two strains isolated from HIV+\u2009patients, both belonging to two different zymodemes, revealed different kinetics of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences in<jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>vitro and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>infectivity found in the murine model were then attributed to intrinsic characteristics of each strain. This work is supported by other studies that present the parasite\u2019s inherent features as factors for the multiplicity of clinical manifestations and severity of leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T10:14:31Z","timestamp":1366971271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Characterization of the biology and infectivity of Leishmania infantum viscerotropic and dermotropic strains isolated from HIV+ and HIV- patients in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Cordeiro-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, Alvar J, Boelaert M: Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?. 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