{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:49:40Z","timestamp":1773287380723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> are protozoa with zoonotic and economic importance. Prevalences of antibodies to these agents were assessed in 173 horses from the north of Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Antibodies to <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> were detected by the direct agglutination test (DAT); seven (4.0%) horses were seropositive with DAT titres of 200 (n\u2009=\u20095), 800 (n\u2009=\u20091) and\u2009\u2265\u20091600 (n\u2009=\u20091). Antibodies to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT); 23 (13.3%) horses were seropositive with MAT titres of 20 (n\u2009=\u200913), 40 (n\u2009=\u20095), 80 (n\u2009=\u20093) and\u2009\u2265\u2009160 (n\u2009=\u20092). No statistical differences were found among equine categories of gender (female, male and gelding), age (1.5\u20136, 7\u201312 and 13\u201330 years), type of housing (indoors and mixed\/outdoors), ability (recreation, farming and sports) and clinical status (apparently healthy and sick) for both agents.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Horses are exposed to and may be infected with <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in the north of Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T10:27:00Z","timestamp":1371464820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Prevalence of antibodies to Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in horses from the north of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JP","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana J","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cotovio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henk DFH","family":"Schallig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Cordeiro-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"962_CR1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubey JP: Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. 2010, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"962_CR2","volume-title":"Control of the Leishmaniases","author":"WHO","year":"2010","unstructured":"WHO: WHO Technical Report Series 949. 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