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We summarized the operational definitions of asthma used in prevalence studies and empirically assess how asthma prevalence estimates vary depending on the definition used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of knowledge and included (1) cross\u2010sectional studies (2) on asthma prevalence (3) conducted in the general population and (4) containing an explicit definition of asthma. The search was limited to the 100\u00a0most\u2010cited papers or published since January 2010. For each paper, we recorded the asthma definition used and other variables. Then we applied the definitions to the data of the Portuguese National Asthma survey (INAsma) and of the 2005\u20132006\u00a0National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) computing asthma prevalence estimates for the different definitions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1738 papers retrieved, 117 were included for analysis. Lifetime asthma, diagnosed asthma and current asthma were defined in 8, 12 and 29 different ways, respectively. By applying definitions of current asthma on INAsma and NHANES data, the prevalence ranged between 5.3%\u201024.4% and 1.1%\u201017.2%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is considerable heterogeneity in the definitions of asthma used in epidemiological studies leading to highly variable estimates of asthma prevalence. Studies to inform a standardized operational definition are needed. Meanwhile, we propose a set of questions to be reported when defining asthma in epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-4-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T09:12:09Z","timestamp":1407143529000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Operational definitions of asthma in recent epidemiological studies are inconsistent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"S\u00e1\u2010Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for research in health technologies and information systems.\u2013 CINTESIS Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for research in health technologies and information systems.\u2013 CINTESIS Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Instituto CUF Porto e Hospital CUF Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Filipe","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for research in health technologies and information systems.\u2013 CINTESIS Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Health Information and Decision Sciences Department \u2013 CIDES Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Morais\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Hospital CUF\u2010Descobertas Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Robalo\u2010Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Bugalho\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria de Pneumologia\u2010Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Arnaud de Villeneuve Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier Montpellier France"},{"name":"Centre de recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 des Populations CESP Inserm U1018 Villejuif France"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Almeida","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for research in health technologies and information systems.\u2013 CINTESIS Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Instituto CUF Porto e Hospital CUF Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Health Information and Decision Sciences Department \u2013 CIDES Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa s\/n 4200\u2010450 Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global surveillance, prevention and control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A comprehensive approach","author":"Bousquet J","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09040687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00154409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d37.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00120104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-2-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005\u20132006. 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