{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:51:21Z","timestamp":1775832681975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Weaning protocols that include noninvasive ventilation (NIV) decrease re-intubation rates and ICU length of stay. However, impaired airway clearance is associated with NIV failure. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) has been proven to be very effective in patients receiving NIV. We aimed to assess the efficacy of MI-E as part of an extubation protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than 48 hours with specific inclusion criteria, who successfully tolerated a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), were randomly allocated before extubation, either for (A) a conventional extubation protocol (control group), or (B) the MI-E extubation protocol (study group). During the postextubation period (48 hours), group A patients received standard medical treatment (SMT), including NIV in case of specific indications, whereas group B received the same postextubation approach plus three daily sessions of mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E). Reintubation rates, ICU length of stay, and NIV failure rates were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Seventy-five patients (26 women) with a mean age of 61.8 \u00b1 17.3 years were randomized to a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 40; mean SAPS II, 47.8 \u00b1 17.7) and to a study group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 35; mean SAPS II, 45.0 \u00b1 15.0). MV time before enrollment was 9.4 \u00b1 4.8 and 10.5 \u00b1 4.1 days for the control and the study group, respectively. In the 48 hours after extubation, 20 control patients (50%) and 14 study patients (40%) used NIV. Study group patients had a significant lower reintubation rate than did controls; six patients (17%) versus 19 patients (48%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; respectively, and a significantly lower time under MV; 17.8 \u00b1 6.4 versus 11.7 \u00b1 3.5 days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; respectively. Considering only the subgroup of patients that used NIV, the reintubation rates related to NIV failure were significantly lower in the study group when compared with controls; two patients (6%) versus 13 (33%); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, respectively. Mean ICU length of stay after extubation was significantly lower in the study group when compared with controls (3.1 \u00b1 2.5 versus 9.8 \u00b1 6.7 days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). No differences were found in the total ICU length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Inclusion of MI-E may reduce reintubation rates with consequent reduction in postextubation ICU length of stay. This technique seems to be efficient in improving the efficacy of NIV in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T15:18:00Z","timestamp":1331824680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in preventing respiratory failure after extubation: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Miguel R","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Honrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Winck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 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