{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:12:08Z","timestamp":1772165528746,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Castanea sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a species of high ecological and economic relevance in Europe, faces severe threats from root rot caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora cinnamomi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To explore genetic strategies for enhancing disease tolerance, we investigated the functional role of a chestnut gene homologous to\n                    <jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s ginkbilobin-2 (\n                    <jats:italic>Cast_Gnk2-like<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), known for its antifungal properties. Using\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated transformation, the\n                    <jats:italic>Cast_Gnk2-like<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was introduced into somatic embryos from two embryogenic chestnut lines. Transformation efficiency was genotype-dependent, and varied from 14.2% to 2.5%. Twelve independent transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR, and each was estimated to carry a single copy of the transgene. Gene expression analysis revealed significant\n                    <jats:italic>Cast_Gnk2-like<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcript levels in two transgenic lines. Following cold storage and germination treatment, viable transgenic plants were regenerated. Disease tolerance assays demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>Cast_Gnk2-like<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression significantly reduced root necrosis and symptom severity, indicating enhanced tolerance to\n                    <jats:italic>P. cinnamomi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings highlight the potential of targeted gene overexpression to improve disease resilience in chestnut through genetic engineering.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:35:14Z","timestamp":1767962114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overexpression of ginkbilobin-2 homologous domain gene to enhance the tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in plants of European chestnut"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Serrazina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00aa Teresa","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Del Castillo-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Berrocal-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Pi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Malh\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita Louren\u00e7o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Corredoira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"12485_CR1","first-page":"78","volume-title":"European atlas of forest tree species","author":"M Conedera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conedera M, Tinner W, Krebs P, de Rigo D, Caudullo G. Castanea sativa in europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: San\u2013Miguel\u2013Ayanz J, De Rigo D, Caudullo G, Durrant T, Mauri A, editors. European atlas of forest tree species. Luxembourg: Publ. Off. EU; 2016. pp. 78\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"12485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2018271-11973","volume":"27","author":"JV Roces\u2013D\u00edaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roces\u2013D\u00edaz JV, D\u00edaz\u2013Varela ER, Barrio\u2013Anta M, \u00c1lvarez\u2013\u00c1lvarez P. Sweet chestnut agroforestry systems in north\u2013western spain: classification, Spatial distribution and an ecosystem services assessment. For Syst. 2018;27(1):e03. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5424\/fs\/2018271-11973.","journal-title":"For Syst"},{"key":"12485_CR3","unstructured":"Council of the European Communities. Council directive 92\/43\/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Official J Eur Communities L 206 (22 July 1992):7\u201350. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A31992L0043."},{"key":"12485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11244052","volume":"11","author":"MJ Santos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santos MJ, Pinto T, Vilela A. Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) nutritional and phenolic composition interactions with chestnut flavour physiology. Foods. 2022;11:4052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11244052.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"12485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14122262","volume":"14","author":"\u0395 Meleti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meleti \u0395, Kossyva V, Maisoglou I, Vrontaki M, Manouras V, Tzereme A, Alexandraki M, Koureas M, Malissiova E, Manouras A. The nutritional benefits and sustainable by\u2013product utilization of chestnuts: a comprehensive review. Agriculture. 2024;14:2262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture14122262.","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"12485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2024.1400.1","volume":"1400","author":"J Gomes-Laranjo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gomes-Laranjo J, Pereira-Lorenzo S, Marino G. The world sector of chestnut. Acta Hortic. 2024;1400:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17660\/ActaHortic.2024.1400.1.","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"issue":"3","key":"12485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2014123-5057","volume":"12","author":"S Temper\u00e1n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Temper\u00e1n S, Lorenzo JM, Dom\u00ednguez B, Franco I, Carballo J. Carcass and meat quality traits of Celta heavy pigs. Effect of the inclusion of chestnuts in the finishing diet. Span J Agric Res. 2014;12(3):494\u2013504.","journal-title":"Span J Agric Res"},{"key":"12485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.693.1","volume":"693","author":"G Bounous","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bounous G. The chestnut: a multipurpose resource for the new millennium. Acta Hortic. 2005;693:33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.693.1.","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"key":"12485_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951844","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.951844","volume":"13","author":"P Fernandes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Colavolpe MB, Serrazina S, Costa RL. European and American chestnuts: an overview of the main threats and control efforts. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:951844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.951844.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR10","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, Vol. 1: trees I","author":"AM Vieitez","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vieitez AM, Vieitez ML, Vieitez E. Chestnut (Castanea spp). In: Bajaj YPS, editor. Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, Vol. 1: trees I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer\u2013; 1986. pp. 393\u2013414."},{"key":"12485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O18","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-5-S7-O18","volume":"5","author":"R Costa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costa R, Santos C, Tavares F, Machado H, Gomes-Laranjo J, Kubisiak T, Nelson CD. Mapping and transcriptomic approaches implemented for Understanding disease resistance to phytophthora Cinammomi in castanea Sp. BMC Proc. 2011;5:O18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1753-6561-5-S7-O18.","journal-title":"BMC Proc"},{"key":"12485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12313","volume":"64","author":"C Santos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santos C, Machado H, Correia I, Gomes F, Gomes\u2013Laranjo J, Costa R. Phenotyping Castanea hybrids for Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance. Plant Pathol. 2015;64:901\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppa.12313.","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"12485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3390\/F11080826","volume":"11","author":"P Fernandes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Tedesco S, da Silva IV, Santos C, Machado H, Costa RL. A new clonal propagation protocol develops quality root systems in chestnut. Forests. 2020;11:826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/F11080826.","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"12485_CR14","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Amaral A, Colavolpe B, Pereira A, Costa R. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o agron\u00f3mica de gen\u00f3tipos de Castanheiro selecionados do programa de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico Para a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 Tinta. Vida Rural. 2021; 1:76\u201382."},{"issue":"4","key":"12485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/JSE.12551\/SUPPINFO","volume":"58","author":"F Alcaide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcaide F, Solla A, Cherubini M, Mattioni C, Cuenca B, Camis\u00f3n \u00c1, Mart\u00edn MA. Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain. J Syst Evol. 2020;58(4):504\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JSE.12551\/SUPPINFO.","journal-title":"J Syst Evol"},{"key":"12485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-014-0829-7","volume":"11","author":"S Serrazina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serrazina S, Santos C, Machado H, Pesquita C, Vicentini R, Pais MS, et al. Castanea root transcriptome in response to Phytophthora cinnamomi challenge. Tree Genet Genomes. 2015;11:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11295-014-0829-7.","journal-title":"Tree Genet Genomes"},{"key":"12485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184381","volume":"12","author":"C Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos C, Nelson CD, Zhebentyayeva T, Machado H, Gomes\u2013Laranjo J, Costa RL. First interspecific genetic linkage map for Castanea sativa \u00d7 Castanea crenata revealed QTLs for resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0184381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184381.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-04-20-0115-R","volume":"111","author":"P Fernandes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Machado H, do C\u00e9u Silva M, Costa RL. A histopathological study reveals new insights into responses of chestnut (Castanea spp.) to root infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phytopathology. 2021b;111:345\u201355. 10. 1094\/PHYTO\u201304\u201320\u20130115\u2013R.","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"12485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439380","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1439380","volume":"15","author":"P Fernandes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandes P, Pimentel D, Ramiro RS, Silva MdC, Fevereiro P, Costa RL. Dual transcriptomic analysis reveals early induced Castanea defense\u2013related genes and Phytophthora cinnamomi effectors. Front Plant Sci. 2024;15:1439380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1439380.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030304","volume":"11","author":"S Serrazina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Serrazina S, Mart\u00ednez MT, Cano V, Malh\u00f3 R, Costa RL, Corredoira E. Genetic transformation of Quercus ilex somatic embryos with a Gnk2\u2013like protein that reveals a putative anti\u2013oomycete action. Plants. 2022;11:304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11030304.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"12485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3390\/f14040785","volume":"14","author":"MB Colavolpe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colavolpe MB, Vaz Dias F, Serrazina S, Malh\u00f3 R, Louren\u00e7o Costa R. Castanea crenata Ginkbilobin\u20132\u2013like Recombinant protein reveals potential as an antimicrobial against Phytophthora cinnamomi, the causal agent of ink disease in European chestnut. Forests. 2023;14:785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f14040785.","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"12485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70272-2","volume":"14","author":"S Serrazina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Serrazina S, Mart\u00ednez M, Soudani S, Candeias G, Berrocal-Lobo M, Pi\u00f1eiro P, Malh\u00f3 R, Costa RL, Corredoira E. Overexpression of Ginkbilobin\u20132 homologous domain gene improves tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in somatic embryos of Quercus suber. Sci Rep. 2024;14:19357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-70272-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1658-0_14","volume-title":"Methods in molecular biology: Agrobacterium protocols","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corredoira E, Valladares S, Vieitez AM, Ballester A, Chestnut. European (Castanea sativa). In: Wang K, editor. Methods in molecular biology: Agrobacterium protocols. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer\u2013; 2015. pp. 163\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-1658-0_14."},{"key":"12485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s002990050374","volume":"17","author":"RC Seabra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seabra RC, Pais MS. Genetic transformation of European chestnut. Plant Cell Rep. 1998;17:177\u201382.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"12485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-004-0804-0","volume":"23","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Corredoira E, Montenegro D, San\u2013Jos\u00e9 MC, Vieitez AM, Ballester A. Agrobacterium\u2013mediated transformation of European chestnut embryogenic cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 2004;23(5):311\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00299-004-0804-0.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-007-9295-3","volume":"91","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corredoira E, San\u2013Jos\u00e9 MC, Vieitez AM, Ballester A. Improving genetic transformation of European chestnut and cryopreservation of Transgenic lines. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2007;91:281\u20138.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"issue":"11","key":"12485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tps098","volume":"32","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corredoira E, Valladares S, Allona I, Aragoncillo C, Vieitez AM, Ballester A. Genetic transformation of European chestnut somatic embryos with a native thaumatin\u2013like protein (CsTL1) gene isolated from Castanea sativa seeds. Tree Physiol. 2012;32(11):1389\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/treephys\/tps098.","journal-title":"Tree Physiol"},{"key":"12485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s11056-016-9537-5","volume":"47","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corredoira E, San Jos\u00e9 MC, Vieitez AM, Allona I, Aragoncillo C, Ballester A. Agrobacterium\u2013mediated transformation of European chestnut somatic embryos with a Castanea sativa (Mill.) endochitinase gene. New for. 2016;47:669\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11056-016-9537-5.","journal-title":"New for"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.242636","volume":"166","author":"T Miyakawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miyakawa T, Hatano K, Miyauchi Y, Suwa Y, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. Secreted protein with plant\u2013specific cysteine\u2013rich motif functions as a mannose\u2013binding lectin that exhibits antifungal activity. Plant Physiol. 2014;166(2):766\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.114.242636.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"12485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x","volume":"15","author":"T Murashige","year":"1962","unstructured":"Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant. 1962;15:473\u201397.","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1970.12018977","volume":"62","author":"DW Chen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Chen DW, Zentmyer GA. Production of sporangia by Phytophthora cinnamomi in axenic culture. Mycologia. 1970;62(2):397\u2013402.","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9780169","volume":"26","author":"PN Byrt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Byrt PN, Holland AA. Infection of axenic Eucalyptus seedlings with Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores. Aust J Bot. 1978;26(2):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Aust J Bot"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9790103","volume":"27","author":"P Byrt","year":"1979","unstructured":"Byrt P, Grant BR. Some conditions governing zoospore production in axenic cultures of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Aust J Bot. 1979;27(2):103\u201315.","journal-title":"Aust J Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"12485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05205-2","volume":"24","author":"L Del Castillo\u2013Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Del Castillo\u2013Gonz\u00e1lez L, Soudani S, De La Cruz\u2013G\u00f3mez N, Manzanera JA, Berrocal\u2013Lobo M. An improved method to study Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands zoospores interactions with host. BMC Plant Biol. 2024;24(1):508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12870-024-05205-2.","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"12485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/s1360-1385(02)02251-3","volume":"7","author":"M Karimi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karimi M, Inz\u00e9 D, Depicker A. GATEWAY\u2122 vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Trends Plant Sci. 2002;7:193\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1360-1385(02)02251-3.","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01977351","volume":"2","author":"EE Hood","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hood EE, Gelvin SB, Melchers LS, Hoekema A. New Agrobacterium helper plasmids for gene transfer to plants. Transgenic Res. 1993;2:208\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01977351.","journal-title":"Transgenic Res"},{"key":"12485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4811-4-4","volume":"4","author":"R Xu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xu R, Li QQ, Protocol. Streamline cloning of genes into binary vectors in Agrobacterium via the Gateway\u2013TOPO vector system. Plant Methods. 2008;4:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-4811-4-4.","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"12485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-001-0432-x","volume":"20","author":"P Song","year":"2002","unstructured":"Song P, Cai C, Skokut M, Kosegi BD, Petolino JF. Quantitative real\u2013time PCR as a screening tool for estimating transgene copy number in WHISKERS\u2122\u2013derived Transgenic maize. Plant Cell Rep. 2002;20:948\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00299-001-0432-x.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-024-01245-7","volume":"25","author":"L Bianco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bianco L, Fontana P, Marchesini A, Torre S, Moser M, Piazza S, Alessandri S, Pavese V, Pollegioni P, Vernesi C, Malnoy M, Torello Marinoni D, Murolo S, Dondini L, Mattioni C, Botta R, Sebastiani F, Micheletti D, Palmieri L. The de novo, chromosome\u2013level genome assembly of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cv. Marrone Di Chiusa Pesio. BMC Genom Data. 2024;25:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12863-024-01245-7.","journal-title":"BMC Genom Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-2-r19","volume":"8","author":"J Hellemans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hellemans J, Mortier G, De Paepe A, Speleman F, Vandesompele J. qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real\u2013time quantitative PCR data. Genome Biol. 2007;8(2):R19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2007-8-2-r19.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"12485_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corredoira E, Valladares S, Vieitez AM, Ballester A. Improved germination of somatic embryos and plant recovery of European chestnut. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant. 2008;44, 307\u2013315 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11627-008-9105-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-008-9105-6"},{"key":"12485_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00387721","volume":"107","author":"PM Gresshoff","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gresshoff PM, Doy CH. Development and differentiation of haploid Lycopersicon esculentum. Planta. 1972;107:161\u201370.","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"12485_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EPPO Bulletin. EPPO standards diagnostic protocols for regulated pests. 2004;34:155\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2338.2004.00713.x"},{"key":"12485_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804104","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.80410","volume":"13","author":"S Soudani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soudani S, Poza-Carri\u00f3n C, De la Cruz G\u00f3mez N, Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma A, Andr\u00e9s MF, Berrocal-Lobo M. Essential oils prime epigenetic and metabolomic changes in tomato defense against Fusarium oxysporum. Front Plant Sci. 2002;13:804104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.80410.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"12485_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2078","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2078","volume":"6","author":"N Fern\u00e1ndez\u2013Bautista","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2013Bautista N, Dom\u00ednguez\u2013N\u00fa\u00f1ez JA, Moreno MMC, Berrocal\u2013Lobo M. Plant tissue Trypan blue staining during phytopathogen infection. Bio\u2013protocol. 2016;6(24):e2078\u20132078.","journal-title":"Bio\u2013protocol"},{"issue":"6","key":"12485_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-01-25-0022-R","volume":"115","author":"L Del Castillo\u2013Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Del Castillo\u2013Gonz\u00e1lez L, Poza\u2013Carri\u00f3n C, Soudani S, De la Cruz\u2013G\u00f3mez N, Andr\u00e9s MF, Gonz\u00e1lez\u2013Coloma A, Manzanera JA, Berrocal\u2013Lobo M. The first molecular characterization of Solanum lycopersicum\u2013Phytophthora cinnamomi phytopathosystem: the essential role of pectin. Phytopathology. 2025;115(6):618\u201333.","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"12485_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2018.04.008","volume":"212\u2013213","author":"S Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali S, Ganai BA, Kamili AN, Bhat AA, Mir ZA, Bhat JA, Tyagi A, Islam ST, Mushtaq M, Yadav P, Rawat S, Grover A. Pathogenesis\u2013related proteins and peptides as promising tools for engineering plants with multiple stress tolerance. Microbiol Res. 2018;212\u2013213:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2018.04.008.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"12485_CR48","first-page":"249","volume":"8","author":"E D\u0105browska","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u0105browska E. Genetic engineering for enhanced disease resistance in plants. J Agric Sci Bot. 2024;8(4):249.","journal-title":"J Agric Sci Bot"},{"issue":"4","key":"12485_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2022.06.009","volume":"7","author":"T Chiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiu T, Poucet T, Li Y. The potential of plant proteins as antifungal agents for agricultural applications. Synth Syst Biotechnol. 2022;7(4):1075\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.synbio.2022.06.009.","journal-title":"Synth Syst Biotechnol"},{"key":"12485_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-009-0738-7","volume":"28","author":"GM Andrade","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andrade GM, Nairn CJ, Le HT, Merkle SA. Sexually mature Transgenic American chestnut trees via embryogenic suspension\u2013based transformation. Plant Cell Rep. 2009;28:1385\u201397.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-013-0390-3","volume":"116","author":"R Mall\u00f3n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mall\u00f3n R, Valladares S, Corredoira E, Vieitez AM, Vidal N. Overexpression of the chestnut CsTL1 gene coding for a thaumatin\u2013like protein in somatic embryos of Quercus Robur. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2014;116:141\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11240-013-0390-3.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"12485_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(95)90186-8","volume":"11","author":"J Haseloff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haseloff J, Amos B. GFP in plants. Trends Genet. 1995;11:328\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"12485_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-005-0025-1","volume":"25","author":"SD Yancheva","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yancheva SD, Shlizerman LA, Golubowicz S, Yabloviz Z, Perl A, Hanania U, Flaishman MA. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) improves Agrobacterium\u2013mediated transformation of \u2018Spadona\u2019 Pear (Pyrus communis L). Plant Cell Rep. 2006;25:183\u20139.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-010-0840-x","volume":"29","author":"J Leclercq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leclercq J, Lardet L, Martin F, Chapuset T, Oliver G, Montoro P. The green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for Agrobacterium tumefaciens\u2013mediated transformation in Hevea Brasiliensis (M\u00fcll. Arg). Plant Cell Rep. 2010;29:513\u201322.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cano V, Mart\u00ednez MT, San Jos\u00e9 MC, Couselo JL, Varas E, Bouza\u2013Morcillo L, Toribio M, Corredoira E. Regeneration of transgenic plants by Agrobacterium\u2013mediated transformation of Quercus ilex L. somatic embryos with the gene CsTL1. New For. 2020;51:1003\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11056-020-09771-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11056-020-09771-9"},{"key":"12485_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041757","volume":"22","author":"V Cano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cano V, Mart\u00ednez MT, Couselo JL, Varas E, Vieitez FJ, Corredoira E. Efficient transformation of somatic embryos and regeneration of Cork oak plantlets with a gene (CsTL1) encoding a chestnut thaumatin\u2013like protein. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:1757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22041757.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2018.1551122","volume":"38","author":"E Corredoira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corredoira E, Merkle SA, Mart\u00ednez MT, Toribio M, Canhoto JM, Correia SI, Ballester A, Vieitez AM. Non\u2013zygotic embryogenesis in hardwood species. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2019;38:29\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07352689.2018.1551122.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Plant Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-008-0559-0","volume":"27","author":"C Urtubia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Urtubia C, Devia J, Castro A, Zamora P, Aguirre C, Tapia E, Barba P, Dell\u2019Orto P, Moynihan MR, Petri C, et al. Agrobacterium\u2013mediated genetic transformation of Prunus salicina. Plant Cell Rep. 2008;27:1333\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00299-008-0559-0.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"12485_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-016-1122-2","volume":"128","author":"E Palomo\u2013R\u00edos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palomo\u2013R\u00edos E, Cerezo S, Mercado JA, Pliego\u2013Alfaro F. Agrobacterium\u2013mediated transformation of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) somatic embryos with fluorescent marker genes and optimization of Transgenic plant recovery. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2016;128:447\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11240-016-1122-2.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"12485_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405181099.k0905","volume-title":"Compendium of Transgenic crop plants","author":"CA Maynard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maynard CA, Powell WA, Polin-McGuigan LD, Vi\u00e9itez AM, Ballester A, Corredoira E, Merkle SA. Chestnut. Compendium of Transgenic crop plants. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley; 2008. pp. 169\u201392."},{"key":"12485_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Buck S, De Paepe A, Depicker A. Transgene expression in plants, control of. In: Christou P, et al. editors. Sustainable food production. Springer; 2013. pp. 1570\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-5797-8_412.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5797-8_412"},{"issue":"10","key":"12485_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9101352","volume":"9","author":"M P\u00e9rez\u2013Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez\u2013Jim\u00e9nez M, P\u00e9rez\u2013Tornero O. In in vitro plant evaluation trial: reliability test of salinity assays in Citrus plants. Plants. 2020;9(10):1352.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"3","key":"12485_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030780","volume":"13","author":"A Wijerathna\u2013Yapa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wijerathna\u2013Yapa A, Hiti\u2013Bandaralage J. Tissue culture\u2013A sustainable approach to explore plant stresses. Life (Basel). 2023;13(3):780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13030780.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"12485_CR64","first-page":"411","volume":"45","author":"J Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu J, Tian H, Wang Y, Guo A. Overexpression of a novel antifungal protein gene GNK2\u20131 results in elevated resistance of Transgenic cucumber to fusarium oxysporum. Chin Bull Bot. 2010;45:411\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin Bull Bot"},{"issue":"2","key":"12485_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20170371","volume":"46","author":"S Van Holle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Holle S, Van Damme EJM. Signaling through plant lectins: modulation of plant immunity and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans. 2018;46(2):217\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BST20170371.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"12485_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13152059","volume":"13","author":"A Farvardin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farvardin A, Gonz\u00e1lez\u2013Hern\u00e1ndez AI, Llorens E, Cama\u00f1es G, Scalschi L, Vicedo B. The dual role of antimicrobial proteins and peptides: exploring their direct impact and plant defense\u2013enhancing abilities. Plants. 2024;13:2059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13152059.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"1","key":"12485_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.164848","volume":"155","author":"IS Hwang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hwang IS, Hwang BK. The pepper mannose\u2013binding lectin gene CaMBL1 is required to regulate cell death and defense responses to microbial pathogens. Plant Physiol. 2011;155(1):447\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.110.164848.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"12485_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836269","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.836269","volume":"13","author":"ZL Yue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yue ZL, Tian ZJ, Zhang JW, Zhang SW, Li YD, Wu ZM. Overexpression of lectin Receptor\u2013Like kinase 1 in tomato confers resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis\u2013lycopersici. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:836269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.836269.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"12485_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2025.112517","volume":"356","author":"X Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng X, Li Y, Xu J, Zeng Y, Li K, Guo X, Zhang Z, Tang X, Wang M. Overexpression of the lectin receptor\u2013like kinase gene OsLecRK\u2013S.7 inhibits plant growth and enhances disease resistance in rice. Plant Sci. 2025;356:112517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plantsci.2025.112517.","journal-title":"Plant Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:05:58Z","timestamp":1770300358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-025-12485-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7973831\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"155"}}