{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1768365971742,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.05446.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05446.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136853\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136853\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/31233\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/31233\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001704","name":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Grant 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Grant 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T06:17:01Z","timestamp":1765088221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of CwlM, a peptidoglycan synthesis regulator, on beta-lactam tolerance and host-pathogen interactions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Silveiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Mortinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Oliven\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Anes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Catal\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4548_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024. Accessed 1 Feb 2025."},{"issue":"10","key":"4548_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00878","volume":"54","author":"V Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh V, Chibale K. Strategies to combat multi-drug resistance in tuberculosis. Acc Chem Res. 2021;54(10):2361\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00878.","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"4548_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00190","volume":"10","author":"MJ Catal\u00e3o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Catal\u00e3o MJ, Filipe SR, Pimentel M. Revisiting anti-tuberculosis therapeutic strategies that target the peptidoglycan structure and synthesis. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00190.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4548_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz016","volume":"43","author":"A Maitra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maitra A, Munshi T, Healy J, Martin LT, Vollmer W, Keep NH, et al. Cell wall peptidoglycan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an Achilles\u2019 heel for the TB-causing pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019;43(5):548\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuz016.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411006200","volume":"280","author":"JB Raymond","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raymond JB, Mahapatra S, Crick DC, Pavelka MS. Identification of the namH gene, encoding the hydroxylase responsible for the N-glycolylation of the mycobacterial peptidoglycan. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(1):326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M411006200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4548_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089911","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1089911","volume":"13","author":"C Silveiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silveiro C, Marques M, Oliven\u00e7a F, Pires D, Mortinho D, Nunes A, et al. CRISPRi-mediated characterization of novel anti-tuberculosis targets: mycobacterial peptidoglycan modifications promote Beta-Lactam resistance and intracellular survival. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1089911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1089911.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4548_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081779","volume":"206","author":"F Coulombe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coulombe F, Divangahi M, Veyrier F, De L\u00e9s\u00e9leuc L, Gleason JL, Yang Y, et al. Increased NOD2-mediated recognition of N-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide. J Exp Med. 2009;206(8):1709\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20081779.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4548_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit622","volume":"209","author":"JM Hansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hansen JM, Golchin SA, Veyrier FJ, Domenech P, Boneca IG, Azad AK, et al. N-glycolylated peptidoglycan contributes to the immunogenicity but not pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(7):1045\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jit622.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4548_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ob02145f","volume":"14","author":"Q Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Q, Matsuo Y, Pradipta AR, Inohara N, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K. Synthesis of characteristic Mycobacterium peptidoglycan (PGN) fragments utilizing with chemoenzymatic preparation of meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP), and their modulation of innate immune responses. Org Biomol Chem. 2016;14(4):1013\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5ob02145f.","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"4548_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002508","volume":"8","author":"TA Figueiredo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Figueiredo TA, Sobral RG, Ludovice AM, de Almeida JMF, Bui NK, Vollmer W, et al. Identification of genetic determinants and enzymes involved with the amidation of glutamic acid residues in the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(2):e1002508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002508.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"4548_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002509","volume":"8","author":"D M\u00fcnch","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00fcnch D, Roemer T, Lee SH, Engeser M, Sahl HG, Schneider T. Identification and in vitro analysis of the GatD\/MurT enzyme-complex catalyzing lipid II amidation in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(2):e1002509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002509.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab028","volume":"3","author":"A Maitra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maitra A, Nukala S, Dickman R, Martin LT, Munshi T, Gupta A, et al. Characterization of the MurT\/GatD complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis towards validating a novel anti-tubercular drug target. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 2021;3(1):dlab028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab028.","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"},{"issue":"5","key":"4548_CR13","first-page":"acschembio","volume":"14","author":"SE Pidgeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pidgeon SE, Apostolos AJ, Nelson JM, Shaku M, Rimal B, Islam MN, et al. L,D-transpeptidase specific probe reveals spatial activity of peptidoglycan cross-linking. ACS Chem Biol. 2019;14(5):acschembio.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"4548_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205829","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205829","volume":"13","author":"MT Shaku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaku MT, Ocius KL, Apostolos AJ, Pires MM, VanNieuwenhze MS, Dhar N, et al. Amidation of glutamate residues in mycobacterial peptidoglycan is essential for cell wall cross-linking. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1205829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205829.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4548_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002182","volume":"7","author":"M Mir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mir M, Asong J, Li X, Cardot J, Boons G-J, Husson RN. The extracytoplasmic domain of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser\/Thr kinase PknB binds specific muropeptides and is required for PknB localization. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(7):e1002182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002182.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"4548_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00982-07","volume":"190","author":"S Mahapatra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mahapatra S, Crick DC, McNeil MR, Brennan PJ. Unique structural features of the peptidoglycan of Mycobacterium leprae. J Bacteriol. 2008;190(2):655\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00982-07.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"21","key":"4548_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13079","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.642843","volume":"290","author":"M Levefaudes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levefaudes M, Patin D, De Sousa-D\u2019Auria C, Chami M, Blanot D, Herv\u00e9 M, et al. Diaminopimelic acid amidation in corynebacteriales new insights into the role of Ltsa in peptidoglycan modification. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(21):13079\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M115.642843.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"22","key":"4548_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201706082","volume":"24","author":"F Ngadjeua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ngadjeua F, Braud E, Saidjalolov S, Iannazzo L, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S, et al. Critical impact of peptidoglycan precursor amidation on the activity of L,D-transpeptidases from Enterococcus faecium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Eur J. 2018;24(22):5743\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.201706082.","journal-title":"Chem Eur J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.250-255.2006","volume":"50","author":"H Ren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ren H, Liu J. AsnB is involved in natural resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to multiple drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(1):250\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.50.1.250-255.2006.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"4548_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01130-y","volume":"7","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Poulton NC, Chang JS, Azadian ZA, DeJesus MA, Ruecker N, et al. CRISPRi chemical genetics and comparative genomics identify genes mediating drug potency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7(6):766\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-022-01130-y.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4548_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27629-0","volume":"151","author":"AR Flores","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flores AR, Parsons LM, Pavelka MS. Genetic analysis of the \u03b2-lactamases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis and susceptibility to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. Microbiology. 2005;151(2):521\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.27629-0.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"4548_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5940","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01663-13","volume":"57","author":"M Cordillot","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cordillot M, Dub\u00e9e V, Triboulet S, Dubost L, Marie A, Hugonnet JE, et al. In Vitro cross-linking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidoglycan by L,D-transpeptidases and inactivation of these enzymes by carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(12):5940\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01663-13.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"4548_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1875","volume":"70","author":"E Story-Roller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Story-Roller E, Lamichhane G. Have we realized the full potential of \u0392-lactams for treating drug\u2010resistant TB? IUBMB Life. 2018;70(9):881\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.1875.","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"5918","key":"4548_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167498","volume":"323","author":"J-E Hugonnet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hugonnet J-E, Tremblay LW, Boshoff HI, Barry CE, Blanchard JS. Meropenem-clavulanate is effective against extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science. 2009;323(5918):1215\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1167498.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"4548_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05690-11","volume":"56","author":"K England","year":"2012","unstructured":"England K, Boshoff HIM, Arora K, Weiner D, Dayao E, Schimel D, et al. Meropenem-clavulanic acid shows activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(6):3384\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.05690-11.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4548_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.05.041","volume":"9","author":"KA Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen KA, El-Hay T, Wyres KL, Weissbrod O, Munsamy V, Yanover C, et al. Paradoxical hypersusceptibility of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. EBioMedicine. 2016;9:170\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.05.041.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01035-15","volume":"60","author":"D Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang D, Wang Y, Lu J, Pang Y. In vitro activity of \u03b2-lactams in combination with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(1):393\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01035-15.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01489-18","volume":"63","author":"SP van Rijn","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Rijn SP, Zuur MA, Anthony R, Wilffert B, van Altena R, Akkerman OW, et al. Evaluation of carbapenems for treatment of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(1):e01489-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01489-18.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00674-22","volume":"10","author":"F Oliven\u00e7a","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oliven\u00e7a F, Nunes A, Macedo R, Pires D, Silveiro C, Anes E, et al. Uncovering beta-lactam susceptibility patterns in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through whole-genome sequencing. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(1):e00674-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00674-22.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2004.09.021","volume":"1747","author":"LL Deng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deng LL, Humphries DE, Arbeit RD, Carlton LE, Smole SC, Carroll JD. Identification of a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlM in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1747(1):57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbapap.2004.09.021.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"4548_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14590","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14590","volume":"5","author":"CC Boutte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boutte CC, Baer CE, Papavinasasundaram K, Liu W, Chase MR, Meniche X, et al. A cytoplasmic peptidoglycan amidase homologue controls mycobacterial cell wall synthesis. Elife. 2016;5:e14590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.14590.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.09.004","volume":"25","author":"O Turapov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turapov O, Forti F, Kadhim B, Ghisotti D, Sassine J, Straatman-Iwanowska A, et al. Two faces of CwlM, an essential PknB substrate, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Rep. 2018;25(1):57-67.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.09.004.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14951","volume":"118","author":"F Shamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shamma F, Rego EH, Boutte CC. Mycobacterial serine\/threonine phosphatase PstP is phosphoregulated and localized to mediate control of cell wall metabolism. Mol Microbiol. 2022;118(1):47\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.14951.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"4548_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16274","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.274","volume":"2","author":"JM Rock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rock JM, Hopkins FF, Chavez A, Diallo M, Chase MR, Gerrick ER, et al. Programmable transcriptional repression in mycobacteria using an orthogonal CRISPR interference platform. Nat Microbiol. 2017;2:16274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.274.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4548_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6987","volume":"85","author":"SB Snapper","year":"1988","unstructured":"Snapper SB, Lugosi L, Jekkel A, Melton RE, Kieser T, Bloom BR, Jacobs WR. Lysogeny and transformation in mycobacteria: stable expression of foreign genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(18):6987\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6987.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4548_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1406-8_19","volume-title":"Mycobacteria protocols","author":"AI Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong AI, Rock JM. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for targeted gene Silencing in mycobacteria. In: Parish T, Kumar A, editors. Mycobacteria protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 2314. New York: Springer; 2021. pp. 343\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-1406-8_19."},{"key":"4548_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-207-6_13","volume-title":"Mycobacteria protocols","author":"R Goude","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goude R, Parish T. Electroporation of mycobacteria. Mycobacteria protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 465. Totowa: Humana; 2009. pp. 203\u201315."},{"key":"4548_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7267","volume":"6","author":"E Choudhary","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choudhary E, Thakur P, Pareek M, Agarwal N. Gene silencing by CRISPR interference in mycobacteria. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms7267.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"4548_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw625","volume":"44","author":"AK Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh AK, Carette X, Potluri L-P, Sharp JD, Xu R, Prisic S, et al. Investigating essential gene function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an efficient CRISPR interference system. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(15):e143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw625.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4548_CR40","unstructured":"Mortinho D. Reappraising the Use of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics against Tuberculosis: Study of Genes Associated with Beta-Lactam Susceptibility in Mycobacteria [Master\u2019s thesis]. Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa; 2022. Available from: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10451\/56469. Accessed 1 May 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01586-23","volume":"68","author":"F Oliven\u00e7a","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliven\u00e7a F, Pires D, Silveiro C, Gama B, Holtreman F, Anes E, et al. Ethambutol and meropenem\/clavulanate synergy promotes enhanced extracellular and intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(1):e01586-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01586-23.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"4548_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00675.x","volume":"8","author":"E Anes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anes E, Peyron P, Staali L, Jordao L, Gutierrez MG, Kress H, et al. Dynamic life and death interactions between Mycobacterium smegmatis and J774 macrophages. Cell Microbiol. 2006;8(6):939\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00675.x.","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"4548_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01819","volume":"8","author":"D Pires","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pires D, Bernard EM, Pombo JP, Carmo N, Fialho C, Gutierrez MG, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates MiR-106b-5p to control cathepsin S expression resulting in higher pathogen survival and poor T-cell activation. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01819.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4548_CR44","first-page":"947","volume-title":"Nucleic acid protocols handbook","author":"RC Mierendorf","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mierendorf RC, Morris BB, Hammer B, Novy RE. Expression and purification of Recombinant proteins using the PET system. Nucleic acid protocols handbook. Totowa: Humana; 2003. pp. 947\u201377."},{"key":"4548_CR45","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Methods in enzymology","author":"JA Bornhorst","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bornhorst JA, Falke JJ. Purification of proteins using polyhistidine affinity tags. Methods in enzymology. Boston: Birkh\u00e4user; 2000. pp. 245\u201354."},{"key":"4548_CR46","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis. Module 4: Treatment\u2014Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240007048. Accessed 17 Oct 2023."},{"key":"4548_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985871","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.985871","volume":"13","author":"F Oliven\u00e7a","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oliven\u00e7a F, Ferreira C, Nunes A, Silveiro C, Pimentel M, Gomes JP, et al. Identification of drivers of mycobacterial resistance to peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:985871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.985871.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03425.x","volume":"48","author":"CM Sassetti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sassetti CM, Boyd DH, Rubin EJ. Genes required for mycobacterial growth defined by high density mutagenesis. Mol Microbiol. 2003;48(1):77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03425.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4548_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002251","volume":"7","author":"JE Griffin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Griffin JE, Gawronski JD, DeJesus MA, Ioerger TR, Akerley BJ, Sassetti CM. High-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes essential for mycobacterial growth and cholesterol catabolism. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(9):e1002251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002251.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4548_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DeJesus MA, Gerrick ER, Xu W, Park SW, Long JE, Boutte CC et al. Comprehensive Essentiality Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genome via Saturating Transposon Mutagenesis. MBio. 2017;8(1):e02133-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.02133-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02133-16"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15139","volume":"1535","author":"B Bosch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bosch B, DeJesus MA, Schnappinger D, Rock JM. Weak links: advancing target-based drug discovery by identifying the most vulnerable targets. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2024;1535(1):10\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.15139.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00093-22","volume":"66","author":"N Kurepina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kurepina N, Chen L, Composto K, Rifat D, Nuermberger EL, Kreiswirth BN. CRISPR inhibition of essential peptidoglycan biosynthesis genes in Mycobacterium abscessus and its impact on \u03b2-lactam susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(1):e00093-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00093-22.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4548_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.08.584109","author":"J Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee J, Bian X, Gupta R, Bellerose M, Parrish NM, Sassetti C. In Vitro and In Vivo validation of cwlM and pbpB essentiality for viability and resistance to imipenem in Mycobacterium abscessus. bioRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.03.08.584109.","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"4548_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00095.x","volume":"32","author":"A Zapun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zapun A, Contreras-Martel C, Vernet T. Penicillin-Binding proteins and \u03b2-Lactam resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008;32(3):361\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00095.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4548_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Solapure S, Dinesh N, Shandil R, Ramachandran V, Sharma S, Bhattacharjee D et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of \u03b2-Lactams against Replicating and Slowly Growing\/Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(6):2506-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00023-13","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00023-13"},{"issue":"8","key":"4548_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00665-12","volume":"56","author":"V Dub\u00e9e","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dub\u00e9e V, Triboulet S, Mainardi JL, Eth\u00e8ve-Quelquejeu M, Gutmann L, Marie A, et al. Inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L,D-Transpeptidase LdtMt1 by carbapenems and cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(8):4189\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00665-12.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"17","key":"4548_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1021\/bi100232q","volume":"49","author":"LW Tremblay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tremblay LW, Fan F, Blanchard JS. Biochemical and structural characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis \u03b2-Lactamase with the carbapenems ertapenem and doripenem. Biochemistry. 2010;49(17):3766\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi100232q.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"4548_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04856-14","volume":"59","author":"K Soetaert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soetaert K, Rens C, Wang X-M, De Bruyn J, Lan\u00e9elle M-A, Laval F, et al. Increased vancomycin susceptibility in mycobacteria: a new approach to identify synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(8):5057\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.04856-14.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"4548_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0334937","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334937","volume":"20","author":"S Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang S, Ren Y, Wu Y, Li X, Liu X, Deng G. The impact of CwlM depletion on the susceptibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis to anti-tuberculosis drugs. PLoS One. 2025;20(10):e0334937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0334937.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"4548_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05333.x","volume":"62","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Lofton H, Maloney E, Moore J, Fol M, Madiraju MV, et al. Interference of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division by Rv2719c, a cell wall hydrolase. Mol Microbiol. 2006;62(1):132\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05333.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4548_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05473.x","volume":"62","author":"M Piuri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Piuri M, Hatfull GF. A peptidoglycan hydrolase motif within the mycobacteriophage TM4 tape measure protein promotes efficient infection of stationary phase cells. Mol Microbiol. 2006;62(6):1569\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05473.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"4548_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09223-9","volume":"10","author":"P Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaur P, Rausch M, Malakar B, Watson U, Damle NP, Chawla Y, et al. LipidII interaction with specific residues of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PknB extra-cytoplasmic domain governs its optimal activation. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09223-9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4548_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.11.006","volume":"13","author":"MU Shiloh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiloh MU, DiGiuseppe Champion PA. To catch a killer. What can mycobacterial models teach us about Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis? Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010;13:86\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2009.11.006.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"4548_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sparks IL, Derbyshire KM, Jacobs WR, Morita YS. Mycobacterium smegmatis: the vanguard of mycobacterial research. J Bacteriol. 2023;205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00337-22.","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00337-22"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:04:41Z","timestamp":1768341881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04548-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}