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Between 2014 and 2019, 56 patients with severe aortic stenosis submitted to aortic valve replacement surgery in a tertiary hospital were selected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fibrosis was significantly increased in the AF group when compared to sinus rhythm (SR) patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). Moreover, cardiomyocyte area was significantly higher in AF patients versus SR patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Conversely, collagen III gene expression was increased in AF patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038). TIMP1 was less expressed in the atria of AF patients. MMP16\/TIMP4 ratio was significantly decreased in AF patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). TIMP1\u00a0(\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and TIMP2\u00a0(\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012) were significantly increased in the serum of AF patients. Aortic valve maximum (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0159) and mean (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031) gradients demonstrated a negative association with serum TIMP1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation patients with severe aortic stenosis present increased atrial fibrosis and collagen type III synthesis, with extracellular matrix remodelling demonstrated by a decrease in the MMP16\/TIMP4 ratio, along with an increased serum TIMP1 and TIMP2 proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01754-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1604138563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Atrial matrix remodeling in atrial fibrillation patients with aortic stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Frag\u00e3o-Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pereira-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Falc\u00e3o-Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Leite-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa009","volume":"22","author":"A Xintarakou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xintarakou A, Tzeis S, Psarras S, Asvestas D, Vardas P. 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The protocol was approved by the institution\u2019s ethics committee (\u201cComiss\u00e3o de \u00c9tica para a Sa\u00fade do Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o\/Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto\u201d, Approval Number 35.17). Data confidentiality was assured. All participants gave written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"468"}}