{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1775747209787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Res Methodol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Loss to follow-up is a major challenge for very preterm (VPT) cohorts; attrition is associated with social disadvantage and parents with impaired children may participate less in research. We investigated the impact of loss to follow-up on the estimated prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in a VPT cohort using different methodological approaches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study includes births &lt;\u200932\u2009weeks of gestational age (GA) from 4 regions in the UK and Portugal participating in a European birth cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091737 survivors). Data on maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes and neighborhood deprivation were collected at baseline. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 2\u2009years of corrected age (CA) using standardized parent-report measures. We applied (1) multiple imputation (MI) and (2) inverse probability weighting (IPW) to estimate the impact of non-response on the prevalence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment and assessed violations of the missing at random (MAR) assumption using the delta method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>54.2% of children were followed-up. Follow-up was less likely when mothers were younger, multiparous, foreign-born, did not breastfeed and came from deprived areas. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was 18.4% (95% confidence interval (CI):15.9\u201321.1) and increased to 20.4% (95%CI: 17.3\u201323.4) and 20.0% (95%CI:16.9\u201323.1) for MI and IPW models, respectively. Simulating strong violations of MAR (children with impairments being 50% less likely to be followed-up) raised estimates to 23.6 (95%CI:20.1\u201327.1)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a VPT cohort with high loss to follow-up, correcting for attrition yielded modest increased estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment at 2\u2009years CA; estimates were relatively robust to violations of the MAR assumption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01264-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1622984564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Strategies for assessing the impact of loss to follow-up on estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment in a very preterm cohort at 2 years of age"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Piedvache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stef","family":"van Buuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the EPICE Research group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Van Reempts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Boerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hasselager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. 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