{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:16:33Z","timestamp":1767852993335,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"EEA Grants (PT)","award":["40 NU 05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40 NU 05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0644-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T15:01:06Z","timestamp":1509462066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association between serum 25-hidroxyvitamin D concentrations and ultraviolet index in Portuguese older adults: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita S.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana S.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa F.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","volume":"103","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Skrabakova Z, Gonzalez-Gross M, Valtuena J, De Henauw S, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:1033\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266\u201381.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"644_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12108","volume":"39","author":"A Spiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spiro A, Buttriss JL. Vitamin D: an overview of vitamin D status and intake in Europe. Nutr Bull. 2014;39:322\u201350.","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"key":"644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","volume":"96","author":"MF Holick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.4.611","volume":"75","author":"HC Janssen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janssen HC, Samson MM, Verhaa HJ. Vitamin D deficiency, muscle function, and falls in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:611\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0405-0","volume":"17","author":"I Sommer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sommer I, Griebler U, Kien C, Auer S, Klerings I, Hammer R, et al. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:16.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"644_CR7","first-page":"7","volume":"51","author":"J Kositsawat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kositsawat J, Geraci SA. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. J Miss State Med Assoc. 2010;51:7\u201310.","journal-title":"J Miss State Med Assoc"},{"key":"644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-303-9_2","volume-title":"Photobiology of Vitamin D","author":"TC Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Photobiology of Vitamin D; 2010. p. 35\u201360."},{"key":"644_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-303-9","volume-title":"Nutrition and health-vitamin D physiology, molecular biology, and clinical applications","author":"MF Holick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holick MF. Nutrition and health-vitamin D physiology, molecular biology, and clinical applications. 2nd ed. Boston: Humana Press; 2010.","edition":"2"},{"key":"644_CR10","series-title":"Short summary of the symposium of 3rd of march 2016 in Brussels","volume-title":"New data on vitamin D from the ODIN Project.Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle","author":"European Commission","year":"2016","unstructured":"European Commission. New data on vitamin D from the ODIN Project.Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle. Short summary of the symposium of 3rd of march 2016 in Brussels. 2016."},{"key":"644_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-2-373","volume":"67","author":"AR Webb","year":"1988","unstructured":"Webb AR, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the Cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67:373\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"644_CR12","first-page":"25","volume":"1","author":"A Santos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santos A. Efeitos pleiotr\u00f3picos da vitamina D. Efeitos na sa\u00fade \u00f3ssea e cardiovascular Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Ent\u00e9rica e Parent\u00e9rica. 2011;1:25.","journal-title":"Efeitos na sa\u00fade \u00f3ssea e cardiovascular Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Ent\u00e9rica e Parent\u00e9rica"},{"key":"644_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302006000400009","volume":"50","author":"F Bandeira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bandeira F, Griz L, Dreyer P, Eufrazino C, Bandeira C, Freese E. Vitamin D deficiency a global perspective. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2006;50:640\u20136.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"644_CR14","volume-title":"Global solar UV index - a practical guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002","unstructured":"World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Global solar UV index - a practical guide. 2002."},{"key":"644_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.004","volume":"92","author":"AR Webb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Webb AR. Who, what, where and when-influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006;92:17\u201325.","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"644_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003536","volume":"7","author":"M Brustad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brustad M, Alsaker E, Engelsen O, Aksnes L, Lund E. Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65-71 degrees N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7:327\u201335.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.12.032","volume":"171","author":"F Prodam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prodam F, Zanetta S, Ricotti R, Marolda A, Giglione E, Monzani A, et al. Influence of ultraviolet radiation on the association between 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors in obesity. J Pediatr. 2016;171:83\u20139. e1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"644_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20164337","volume":"91","author":"KC Mesquita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mesquita KC, Igreja AC, Costa IMC. Ultraviolet index: a light in atopic dermatitis and vitamin D research? An Bras Dermatol. 2016;91:34\u20139.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"644_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12390","volume":"91","author":"KM Klassen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klassen KM, Fairley CK, Kimlin MG, Kelly M, Read TR, Broom J, et al. Ultraviolet index and location are important determinants of vitamin D status in people with human immunodeficiency virus. Photochem Photobiol. 2015;91:431\u20137.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"644_CR20","first-page":"e184","volume":"5","author":"TF Amaral","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amaral TF, Santos A, Guerra RS, Sousa AS, Alvares L, Valdiviesso R, et al. Nutritional strategies facing an older demographic: the nutrition UP 65 study protocol. J Med Internet Res. 2016;5:e184.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"644_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro Valverde C, Quesada-Gomez J. Vitamin D deficiency in Spain. Reality or myth? Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2014;6(Suppl 1):S5\u201310.","DOI":"10.4321\/S1889-836X2014000500002"},{"key":"644_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10-4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2015.10.002","volume":"30","author":"R Navarro-Martinez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navarro-Martinez R, Fernandez-Garrido J, Buigues C, Martinez-Martinez M, Cantero-Diaz L, Santamaria-Carrillo Y, et al. Serum vitamin D and functional impairment in octogenarian women. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;30:e10-4.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"644_CR23","first-page":"567","volume":"23","author":"M Rodr\u00edguez Sangrador","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Sangrador M, Beltr\u00e1n de Miguel B, Quintanilla Murillas L, Cuadrado Vives C, Moreiras Tuny O. Contribuci\u00f3n de la dieta y la exposici\u00f3n solar al estatus nutricional de vitamina D en espa\u00f1olas de edad avanzada; Estudio de los Cinco Pa\u00edses (Proyecto OPTIFORD). Nutr Hosp. 2008;23:567\u201376.","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"644_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1390-7","volume":"14","author":"G Isaia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Isaia G, Giorgino R, Rini GB, Bevilacqua M, Maugeri D, Adami S. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in elderly women in Italy: clinical consequences and risk factors [journal article]. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14:577\u201382.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"644_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.4.440","volume":"62","author":"KD Houston","year":"2007","unstructured":"Houston KD, Cesari M, Ferrucci L, Cherubini A, Maggio D, Bartali B, et al. Association between vitamin D status and physical performance: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A. 2007;62:440\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A."},{"key":"644_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02226.x","volume":"62","author":"L Mosekilde","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mosekilde L, Vitamin D. And the elderly. Clin Endocrinol. 2005;62:265\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"644_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437","volume":"22","author":"P Lips","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001;22:477\u2013501.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"644_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2012.00890.x","volume":"14","author":"RM Greer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greer RM, Portelli SL, Hung BS, Cleghorn GJ, McMahon SK, Batch JA, et al. Serum vitamin D levels are lower in Australian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than in children without diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2013;14:31\u201341.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"644_CR29","volume-title":"Censos 2011 Resultados Definitivos -Portugal","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica","year":"2012","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica. Censos 2011 Resultados Definitivos -Portugal. 2012."},{"key":"644_CR30","volume-title":"UV index forecasting","author":"German Meteorological Service (DWD)","year":"2015","unstructured":"German Meteorological Service (DWD). UV index forecasting. 2015."},{"key":"644_CR31","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick T. Soleil et peau [Sun and skin]. J Med Esthet. 1975:33\u20134."},{"key":"644_CR32","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"M Guerreiro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guerreiro M, Silva AP, Botelho MA, Leit\u00e3o O, Castro-Caldas A, Garcia C. Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 popula\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa da tradu\u00e7\u00e3o do Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Rev Port Neurol. 1994;1:9\u201310.","journal-title":"Rev Port Neurol"},{"key":"644_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","volume":"35","author":"CLMA Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CLMA, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381\u201395.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"644_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LPTC Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LPTC, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, McBurnie MA. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A. 2001;56:146\u201356.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"key":"644_CR35","first-page":"48","volume":"31","author":"L Afonso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Afonso L, Moreira T, Oliveira A. \u00cdndices de ades\u00e3o ao padr\u00e3o alimentar mediterr\u00e2nico - a base metodol\u00f3gica para estudar a sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a sa\u00fade. Rev Fact Risco. 2014;31:48\u201355.","journal-title":"Rev Fact Risco"},{"key":"644_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43134","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043134","volume":"7","author":"MA Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Garcia-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvado J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, et al. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PLoS One. 2012;7:e43134.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"644_CR37","unstructured":"Vint\u00e9m J. Inqu\u00e9ritos Nacionais de Sa\u00fade: auto-percep\u00e7\u00e3o do estado de sa\u00fade: uma an\u00e1lise em torno da quest\u00e3o de g\u00e9nero e da escolaridade. Rev Port Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. 2008;"},{"key":"644_CR38","unstructured":"Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute. Mini Nutritional Assessment. MNA. Portugu\u00eas. http:\/\/www.mna-elderly.com\/forms\/MNA_portuguese.pdf . Accessed 10 Jan 2017."},{"key":"644_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0214-7","volume":"13","author":"MJ Kaiser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, et al. Validation of the mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA\u00ae-SF): a practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:782\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"644_CR40","unstructured":"Stewart A, Marfell-Jones M, Olds T, H. R. International standards for anthropometric assessment. Australia: International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry; 2011."},{"key":"644_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. BMI classification. (2017). http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/diseaseprevention\/nutrition\/a-healthy-lifestyle\/body-mass-index-bmi. Accessed 7 Jan 2017."},{"key":"644_CR42","volume-title":"Vitamin D total. 25-Hidroxivitamina Dl.ms_05894913190.V7.0","author":"Roche Diagnostics Cobas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roche Diagnostics Cobas. Vitamin D total. 25-Hidroxivitamina Dl.ms_05894913190.V7.0. 2015."},{"key":"644_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.582S","volume":"88","author":"G Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones G. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:582S\u20136S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.842","volume":"69","author":"R Vieth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:842\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasahara AK, Ravinder JS, Andrew N. Vitamin D (25OHD) serum seasonality in the United States. PLoS One. 2013;8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065785"},{"key":"644_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329403100105","volume":"31","author":"TJ Hine","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hine TJ, Roberts NB. Seasonal variation in serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 does not affect 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D. Ann Clin Biochem. 1994;31:31\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"644_CR47","volume-title":"2015\u20132020 dietary guidelines for Americans","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture","year":"2015","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture. 2015\u20132020 dietary guidelines for Americans. 8th ed; 2015.","edition":"8"},{"key":"644_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Vaes AMM, Zwaluw NL, Wijngaarden JP, Swart KM, Ham AC, et al. Relative importance of summer sun exposure, vitamin D intake, and genes to vitamin D status in Dutch older adults: the B-proof study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015;164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.08.008"},{"key":"644_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28908","volume":"91","author":"AE Millen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Millen AE, Wactawski-Wende J, Pettinger M, Melamed ML, Tylavsky FA, Liu S, et al. Predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative calcium plus vitamin D clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1324\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR50","volume-title":"Vitamin D and cancer \/ a report of the IARC working group on vitamin D","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization, International Agency For Research On Cancer. Vitamin D and cancer \/ a report of the IARC working group on vitamin D. 2008."},{"key":"644_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203009765","volume-title":"Handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS","author":"SE Landau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Landau SE, SE. Handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. United States of America: Chapman & Hall\/CRC; 2003."},{"key":"644_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0954-6","volume":"20","author":"A Mithal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour JP, Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Eisman JA, et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20:1807\u201320.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"644_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Berendsen AAM, Vaes MMA, Dullemeijer C, de Groot LC, Feskens EJ. Collection and analysis of published scientific information as preparatory work for the setting of dietary reference values for vitamin D.EFSA supporting publication 2016:EN-766.2016:1-171.","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2016.EN-766"},{"key":"644_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12203","volume":"79","author":"B Tran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tran B, Armstrong BK, McGeechan K, Ebeling PR, English DR, Kimlin MG, et al. Predicting vitamin D deficiency in older Australian adults. Clin Endocrinol. 2013;79:631\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"644_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-015-0563-y","volume":"26","author":"M Wanner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wanner M, Richard A, Martin B, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations between objective and self-reported physical activity and vitamin D serum levels in the US population. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26:881\u201391.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"644_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1300\/J052v26n03_06","volume":"26","author":"R Malik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malik R. Vitamin D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the institutionalized elderly. J Nutr Elder. 2008;26:119\u201338.","journal-title":"J Nutr Elder"},{"key":"644_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349258","volume":"31","author":"PD Papapetrou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papapetrou PD, Triantafyllopoulou M, Korakovouni A. Severe vitamin D deficiency in the institutionalized elderly. J Endocrinol Investig. 2008;31:784\u20137.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"644_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","volume":"80","author":"MF Holick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(Suppl 6):1678\u201388.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Neill CM, Kazantzidis A, Ryan MJ, Barber N, Sempos CT, Durazo-Arvizu RA, et al. Seasonal changes in vitamin D-effective UVB availability in Europe and associations with population serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Nutrients. 2016;8","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8090533"},{"key":"644_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-006-0746-4","volume":"25","author":"PD Papapetrou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papapetrou PD, Triantaphyllopoulou M, Karga H, Zagarelos P, Aloumanis K, Kostakioti E, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly in Athens, Greece. J Bone Miner Metab. 2007;25:198\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"644_CR61","first-page":"409","volume":"29","author":"G Papadakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papadakis G, Keramidas I, Kakava K, Pappa T, Villiotou V, Triantafillou E, et al. Seasonal variation of serum vitamin D among Greek female patients with osteoporosis. In vivo. 2015;29:409\u201314.","journal-title":"In vivo"},{"key":"644_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.6253","volume":"28","author":"AM Santos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santos AM, Fernandes V, Garcia FM. Car\u00eancia de Vitamina D numa Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar: Uma Fotografia pela Perspetiva Laboratorial. Acta Medica Port. 2015;28:726\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Medica Port"},{"key":"644_CR63","first-page":"118","volume":"3","author":"R Nair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: the \u201csunshine\u201d vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012;3:118\u201326.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"key":"644_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12074","volume":"89","author":"G Seckmeyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seckmeyer G, Schrempf M, Wieczorek A, Riechelmann S, Graw K, Seckmeyer S, et al. A novel method to calculate solar UV exposure relevant to vitamin D production in humans. Photochem Photobiol. 2013;89:974\u201383.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"644_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24476","volume":"5","author":"SS Maeda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maeda SS, Saraiva GL, Hayashi LF, Cendoroglo MS, Ramos LR, Correa Mde P, et al. Seasonal variation in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of young and elderly active and inactive adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil: the Sao PAulo vitamin D evaluation study (SPADES). Dermatoendocrinol. 2013;5:211\u20137.","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"644_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001345","volume":"86","author":"C Brot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, S\u00f8rensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr. 2001;86:S97\u2013S103.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.09.008","volume":"89","author":"M Kimlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kimlin M, Harrison S, Nowak M, Moore M, Brodie A, Lang C. Does a high UV environment ensure adequate vitamin D status? J Photochem Photobiol B. 2007;89:139\u201347.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"644_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Wielen RP, L\u00f6wik MR, van den Berg H, de Groot LC, Haller J, Moreiras O, et al. Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet 1995; 346:207-210.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91266-5"},{"key":"644_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.021","volume":"121","author":"P Lips","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lips P. Worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010;121:297\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"644_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-316","volume":"13","author":"C Naugler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naugler C, Zhang J, Henne D, Woods P, Hemmelgarn BR. Association of vitamin D status with socio-demographic factors in Calgary, Alberta: an ecological study using census Canada data. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:316.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"644_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000109","volume":"60","author":"A Shinkov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shinkov A, Borissova A-M, Dakovska L, Vlahov J, Kassabova L, Svinarov D, et al. Differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and hip fractures in nursing home residents and independently living elderly. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60:217\u201322.","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"644_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007409","volume":"108","author":"KA Bertrand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bertrand KA, Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Malspeis S, Eliassen AH, Wu K, et al. Determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and development of prediction models in three U.S. cohorts. Br J Nutr. 2012;108:1889\u201396.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Heuvel EG, van Schoor N, de Jongh RT, Visser M, Lips P. Cross-sectional study on different characteristics of physical activity as determinants of vitamin D status; inadequate in half of the population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:360-365.","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.22"},{"key":"644_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.01.005","volume":"164","author":"DA Jolliffe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jolliffe DA, Hanifa Y, Witt KD, Venton TR, Rowe M, Timms PM, et al. Environmental and genetic determinants of vitamin D status among older adults in London. UK J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;164:30\u20135.","journal-title":"UK J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"644_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-65","volume":"9","author":"R Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang R, Naughton DP. Vitamin D in health and disease: current perspectives. Nutr J. 2010;9:65.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"644_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1399","volume":"86","author":"A Burgaz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burgaz A, \u00c5kesson A, Oster A, Michaelsson K, Wolk A. Associations of diet, supplement use, and ultraviolet B radiationexposure with vitamin D status in Swedish women during winter. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:1399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Meer IM, Boeke AJ, Lips P, Grootjans-Geerts I, Wuister JD, Deville WL, et al. Fatty fish and supplements are the greatest modifiable contributors to the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in a multiethnic population. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 68:466-472.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03066.x"},{"key":"644_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Wielen RP, L\u00f6wik MR, van den Berg H, de Groot LC, Haller J, Moreiras O, et al. Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet 1995; 346.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91266-5"},{"key":"644_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2006.tb09833.x","volume":"82","author":"AR Webb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Webb AR, Engelsen O. Calculated ultraviolet exposure levels for a healthy vitamin D status. Photochem Photobiol. 2006;82:1697\u2013703.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"644_CR80","first-page":"94","volume":"10","author":"W Grant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grant W, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review. Altern Med Rev. 2005;10:94\u2013111.","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"644_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1102S","volume":"87","author":"AE Millen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Millen AE, Bodnar LM. Vitamin D assessment in population-based studies: a review of the issues. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1102\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"644_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-014-0197-9","volume":"9","author":"S Durvasula","year":"2014","unstructured":"Durvasula S, Gies P, Mason RS, Chen JS, Henderson S, Seibel MJ, et al. Vitamin D response of older people in residential aged care to sunlight-derived ultraviolet radiation. Arch Osteoporos. 2014;9:197.","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"644_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/15.1.35","volume":"15","author":"IR Reid","year":"1986","unstructured":"Reid IR, Gallagher DJA, Bosworth J. Prophylaxis against vitamin D deficiency in the elderly by regular runlight exposure. Age Ageing. 1986;15:35\u201340.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"644_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19940063","volume":"53","author":"JD Maxwell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maxwell JD. Seasonal variation in vitamin D. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;53:533\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"644_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2008.11.014","volume":"95","author":"VE Fioletov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fioletov VE, McArthur LJ, Mathews TW, Marrett L. On the relationship between erythemal and vitamin D action spectrum weighted ultraviolet radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2009;95:9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"644_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2050482","volume":"2","author":"O Engelsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engelsen O. The relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and vitamin D status. Nutrients. 2010;2:482\u201395.","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0644-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T05:23:18Z","timestamp":1719552198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0644-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0644-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"article-number":"256"}}