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TB has been reported as the most common cause of death among prisoners. Studies have shown limitations for early detection of TB in prisons that seem to result from mistaken concepts about TB, delayed diagnosis mainly due to the naturalization of lack of healthcare for this population<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review was performed using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess \u201cWhat are the scientific evidences on the epidemiology of TB in the prison system?\u201d. Then, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of TB (active and latent) TB in prisoners. The results are presented as prevalence, in percentage, through random effects models, with a confidence interval of 95%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding active TB, the results of the metanalysis showed that countries with a high burden of TB had a prevalence of 3.54% [2.71; 4.63], countries not considered to be high burden TB countries had a prevalence of 1.43% [0.86; 2.37]. Latent TB had a prevalence of 51.61% [39.46; 63.58] in high TB burden countries and a prevalence of 40.24% [23.51; 59.61] in countries with low TB burden. In terms of development, in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the prevalence of active TB was 3.13% [1.84; 5.29] and in high- and upper-middle income countries the prevalence was 2.25% [1.70; 2.99]. The prevalence of latent TB in high- and middle-income countries was 43.77% [28.61; 60.18] and of 49.42% [45.91; 52.94] in low and lower middle-income countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis suggests that TB, and probably other infectious diseases, find fertile ground in prisons where previous acquire social disadvantages seem to thrive\u2014therefore, TB in prisons is a global public health problem and effective strategies are needed to control the disease are needed targeting the prison environment, including rapid health assessments to understand each context and to implement tailored and precision interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07961-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1673445776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidemiology of TB in prisoners: a metanalysis of the prevalence of active and latent TB"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Ferreira","family":"Placeres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"de Almeida Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felipe Mendes","family":"Delpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heriederson S\u00e1vio Dias","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro Rolim","family":"Scholze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Souza","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo Alexandre","family":"Arc\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Fronteira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7961_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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