{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T02:44:58Z","timestamp":1776393898269,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Antivirals have been given widely for patients with COVID-19 breakthrough in Asian countries, creating a \u201cblack market\u201d for unapproved and unprescribed medications. More evidence is needed to clarify the benefits of antivirals in these settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a random-sampling retrospective cohort study at a general hospital in Vietnam. We recruited patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 breakthrough who were given either standard of care (SoC) alone or SoC\u2009+\u2009antiviral. Primary outcome was residual respiratory symptoms that lasted\u2009&gt;\u20097 days. Secondary outcome was long COVID-19, diagnosed by specialized physicians. We used logistic regression to measure odds ratio (OR), in addition to a sensitivity and subgroup analyses to further explore the results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 142 patients (mean age 36.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8) were followed. We recorded residual symptoms in 27.9% and 20.3% of the SoC and SoC\u2009+\u2009antiviral group, while the figures for long COVID-19 were 11.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Antiviral use was not significantly associated with lower the risks of residual symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20090.51, 95% CI: 0.22\u20131.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.12) or long COVID-19 (OR\u2009=\u20090.55, 95% CI: 0.16\u20131.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.35). The sensitivity and subgroup analyses did not show any significant differences between the study groups (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Antivirals were not associated with faster resolution of respiratory symptoms or lower risks of long COVID-19. Further studies should focus on different antivirals to confirm their effects on different sub-populations. Meanwhile, antivirals should only be used in very high-risk patients to avoid excessive costs and harms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08952-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T13:02:26Z","timestamp":1704200546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of antivirals on patients with COVID-19 breakthrough"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hong Tham","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuong-Anh","family":"Mai-Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim-Huong","family":"Truong-Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minh-Hoang","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"8952_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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