{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:29:12Z","timestamp":1773257352337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/DTP-SAP\/1520\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/DTP-SAP\/1520\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress experienced during childhood might have a negative impact on development. This study explores factors associated with such symptoms among Portuguese primary school-aged children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091022, mean age\u2009=\u20098.77\u2009years old) was recruited in public and private schools from the cities of Coimbra, Lisbon and Porto, Portugal. The children\u2019s version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-C) was self-administered. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to measure associations (expressed as Odds Ratio, OR and 95% Confidence Intervals, CI) between each DASS-C subscale, dichotomized by its 4th vs. 3rd or less quartiles (symptoms increase with scores), and covariates: child sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), sports activity beyond school, children self-assessed health status, child and mother\u2019s body mass index and mother\u2019s DASS scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.57\u20130.87) and girls, compared to boys, presented lower odds of depressive and stress symptoms (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.47\u20130.92 and 0.57, 0.41\u20130.80, respectively). A low socioeconomic status was associated with more frequent symptoms of stress (adjusted OR, 95%CI for low compared to high SES: 1.61, 1.01\u20132.56). Children with poorer self-assessed health status and whose mothers scored higher in the DASS also presented significantly higher odds of scoring in the 4th quartile (vs. 3rd or less) of the three DASS-C subscales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest the need to tailor preventive efforts targeting childhood mental health symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T13:17:28Z","timestamp":1582809448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in Portuguese primary school-aged children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Augusta","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aristides M.","family":"Machado-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Rosado-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria-Raquel G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Padez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9801","key":"2498_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60827-1","volume":"378","author":"C Kieling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet. 2011;378(9801):1515\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","volume":"56","author":"GV Polanczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345\u201365.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600409","volume":"68","author":"V Kovess-Masfety","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kovess-Masfety V, Van Engelen J, Stone L, Otten R, Carta MG, Biftoi A, et al. Unmet need for specialty mental health services among children across Europe. Psychiatr Serv. 2017;68(8):789\u201395.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2498_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70251-2","volume":"1","author":"GF Augusto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Augusto GF. Mental health in Portugal in times of austerity. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1:109\u201310.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1 M7","key":"2498_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901511010113","volume":"11","author":"V Kovess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kovess V, Carta MG, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Ko\u00e7 C, Goelitz D, et al. The school children mental health in Europe (SCMHE) project: design and first results. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2015;11(Suppl 1 M7):113\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2498_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.12.002","volume":"26","author":"S Cartwright-Hatton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cartwright-Hatton S, McNicol K, Doubleday E. Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(7):817\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0153-0","volume":"4","author":"KD Martinsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinsen KD, Neumer S-P, Holen S, Waaktaar T, Sund AM, Kendall PC. Self-reported quality of life and self-esteem in sad and anxious school children. BMC Psychology. 2016;4(1):45.","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.225","volume":"59","author":"DM Fergusson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ. Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(3):225\u201331.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02230.x","volume":"51","author":"M Kovacs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kovacs M, Lopez-Duran N. Prodromal symptoms and atypical affectivity as predictors of major depression in juveniles: implications for prevention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(4):472\u201396.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2498_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.709","volume":"60","author":"J Kim-Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Poulton R. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(7):709\u201317.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2498_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x","volume":"48","author":"A Bittner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bittner A, Egger HL, Erkanli A, Costelo EJ, Foley DL, Angold A. What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48(12):1174\u201383.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(02)00011-1","volume":"11","author":"B Birmaher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Birmaher B, Arbelaez C, Brent D. Course and outcome of child and adolescent major depressive disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002;11(3):619\u201337.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"2498_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-202768","volume":"67","author":"R Paananen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paananen R, Ristikari T, Merikukka M, Gissler M. Social determinants of mental health: a Finnish nationwide follow-up study on mental disorders. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(12):1025\u201331.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2498_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026","volume":"90","author":"F Reiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reiss F. Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2013;90:24\u201331.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494815603544","volume":"44","author":"H Stenmark","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stenmark H, Bergstr\u00f6m E, H\u00e4ggl\u00f6f B, \u00d6hman A, Petersen S. Mental problems and their socio-demographic determinants in young schoolchildren in Sweden, a country with high gender and income equality. Scand J Public Health. 2016;44(1):18\u201326.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2498_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20761","volume":"27","author":"M Melchior","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melchior M, Chastang J-F, Walburg V, Arseneault L, Gal\u00e9ra C, Fombonne E. Family income and youths\u2019 symptoms of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of the French GAZEL youth cohort. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27(12):1095\u2013103.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"10","key":"2498_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0820-8","volume":"19","author":"G Apter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Apter G, Bobin A, Genet M-C, Gratier M, Devouche E. Update on mental health of infants and children of parents affected with mental health issues. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(10):72.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.092346","volume":"200","author":"ED Barker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barker ED, Copeland W, Maughan B, Jaffee SR, Uher R. Relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200(2):124\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000235","volume":"24","author":"CE Waugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waugh CE, Muhtadie L, Thompson RJ, Joormann J, Gotlib IH. Affective and physiological responses to stress in girls at elevated risk for depression. Dev Psychopathol. 2012;24(2):661\u201375.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314608","volume":"104","author":"S Sutaria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sutaria S, Devakumar D, Yasuda SS, Das S, Saxena S. Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2018;104(1):64\u201374.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"10","key":"2498_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.117","volume":"38","author":"M van Geel","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Geel M, Vedder P, Tanilon J. Are overweight and obese youths more often bullied by their peers? A meta-analysis on the relation between weight status and bullying. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014;38(10):1263\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR22","volume":"18","author":"M Ahmadpanah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmadpanah M, Nazaribadie M, Mohammadi MR, Hooshyari Z, Alavi SS, Ghaleiha A, et al. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Hamadan Province, west of Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2018;18(4):e00432.","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12099","volume":"7","author":"I Magiati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magiati I, Ponniah K, Ooi YP, Chan YH, Fung D, Woo B. Self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms in school-aged Singaporean children. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2015;7(1):91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2498_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17111194","volume":"175","author":"FB Schuch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, et al. Physical activity and incident depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(7):631\u201348.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7271-6","volume":"19","author":"IM Opdal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Opdal IM, Morseth B, Handeg\u00e5rd BH, Lillevoll K, Ask H, Nielsen CS, et al. Change in physical activity is not associated with change in mental distress among adolescents: the Troms\u00f8 study: fit futures. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):916.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01855.x","volume":"49","author":"ML Belfer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belfer ML. Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49(3):226\u201336.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2498_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20080","volume":"16","author":"C Padez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Padez C, Fernandes T, Mour\u00e3o I, Moreira P, Rosado V. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-9-year-old Portuguese children: trends in body mass index from 1970-2002. Am J Hum Biol. 2004;16(6):670\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23126","volume":"30","author":"AM Machado-Rodrigues","year":"2018","unstructured":"Machado-Rodrigues AM, Fernandes R, Gama A, Mour\u00e3o I, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, et al. The association of irregular sleep habits with the risk of being overweight\/obese in a sample of Portuguese children aged 6-9 years. Am J Hum Biol. 2018;30(4):e23126.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2498_CR29","first-page":"229","volume":"5","author":"JL Pais-Ribeiro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pais-Ribeiro JL, Honrado A, Leal I. Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o Para o Estudo da Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa das Escalas de ansiedade, Depress\u00e3o e stress (EADS) de 21 Itens de Lovibond e Lovibond. Psicologia, Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as. 2004;5:229\u201339.","journal-title":"Psicologia, Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"P Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond P, Lovibond S. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335\u201343.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"7244","key":"2498_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","volume":"320","author":"TJ Cole","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. Br Med J. 2000;320(7244):1240\u20133.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9240-2","volume":"16","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Auquier P, Erhart M, Gosch A, Rajmil L, Bruil J, et al. The KIDSCREEN-27 quality of life measure for children and adolescents: psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(8):1347\u201356.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-005-9008-3","volume":"28","author":"M Szab\u00f3","year":"2006","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 M, Lovibond PF. Anxiety, depression and tension\/stress in children. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2006;28(3):192\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"2498_CR34","first-page":"277","volume":"10","author":"IP Leal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leal IP, Antunes R, Passos T, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Maroco J. Estudo da Escala de Depress\u00e3o, ansiedade e Stresse Para Crian\u00e7as (EADS-C). Psicologia, Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as. 2009;10:277\u201384.","journal-title":"Psicologia, Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030737","volume":"139","author":"TM Chaplin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaplin TM, Aldao A. Gender differences in emotion expression in children: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(4):735\u201365.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"2498_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00266-0","volume":"55","author":"E Silver","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silver E, Mulvey EP, Swanson JW. Neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder: Faris and Dunham revisited. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(8):1457\u201370.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013235","volume":"8","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Min J, Khuri J, Li M. A systematic examination of the association between parental and child obesity across countries. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(3):436\u201348.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002744","volume":"16","author":"E Voerman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Voerman E, Santos S, Patro Golab B, Amiano P, Ballester F, Barros H, et al. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: an individual participant data meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2019;16(2):e1002744.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1471","volume":"6","author":"NK G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r NK. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;6(3):129\u201343.","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9346","key":"2498_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11602-3","volume":"360","author":"R Poulton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poulton R, Caspi A, Milne BJ, Thomson WM, Taylor A, Sears MR, et al. Association between children\u2019s experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: a life-course study. Lancet. 2002;360(9346):1640\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2498_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.12.008","volume":"52","author":"RL White","year":"2017","unstructured":"White RL, Babic MJ, Parker PD, Lubans DR, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Domain-specific physical activity and mental health: a meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(5):653\u201366.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20161642","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1642","volume":"138","author":"D Lubans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, et al. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20161642.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2498_CR43","first-page":"262","volume":"8","author":"CL Tsai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsai CL, Wang CH, Pan CY, Chen FC, Huang TH, Chou FY. Executive function and endocrinological responses to acute resistance exercise. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:262.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR44","first-page":"539","volume":"41","author":"AM Lane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lane AM, Lovejoy DJ. The effects of exercise on mood changes: the moderating effect of depressed mood. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41(4):539\u201345.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.271","volume":"4","author":"J-P Chaput","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaput J-P, Barnes JD, Tremblay MS, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Lambert EV, et al. Inequality in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration and risk of obesity in children: a 12-country study. Obes Sci Pract. 2018;4(3):229\u201337.","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2498_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000241","volume":"31","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Dix T. Mothers\u2019 depressive symptoms and children\u2019s externalizing behavior: Children\u2019s negative emotionality in the development of hostile attributions. J Fam Psychol. 2017;31(2):214\u201323.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2498_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.1.50","volume":"108","author":"G Downey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Downey G, Coyne JC. Children of depressed parents: an integrative review. Psychol Bull. 1990;108(1):50\u201376.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"2498_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13221","volume":"24","author":"KD Webster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webster KD, de Bruyn MM, Zalwango SK, Sikorskii A, Barkin JL, Familiar-Lopez I, et al. Caregiver socioemotional health as a determinant of child well-being in school-aged and adolescent Ugandan children with and without perinatal HIV exposure. Trop Med Int Health. 2019;24(5):608\u201319.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2498_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20463","volume":"34","author":"MR Ordway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ordway MR. Depressed mothers as informants on child behavior: methodological issues. Res Nurs Health. 2011;34(6):520\u201332.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.3.458","volume":"106","author":"SH Goodman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goodman SH, Gotlib IH. Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychol Rev. 1999;106(3):458\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"2498_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000898","volume":"26","author":"T Dix","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dix T, Yan N. Mothers\u2019 depressive symptoms and infant negative emotionality in the prediction of child adjustment at age 3: testing the maternal reactivity and child vulnerability hypotheses. Dev Psychopathol. 2014;26(01):111\u201324.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2498_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1171-1","volume":"51","author":"P Hyland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hyland P, Shevlin M, Elklit A, Christoffersen M, Murphy J. Social, familial and psychological risk factors for mood and anxiety disorders in childhood and early adulthood: a birth cohort study using the Danish registry system. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(3):331\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2498_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20696","volume":"66","author":"J Patrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patrick J, Dyck M, Bramston P. Depression anxiety stress scale: is it valid for children and adolescents? J Clin Psychol. 2010;66(9):996\u20131007.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2498_CR54","first-page":"1001","volume":"66","author":"L Sharp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sharp L, Lipsky M. Screening for depression across the lifespan: a review of measures for use in primary care settings. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66(6):1001\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"2498_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14(4):245\u201358.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T05:55:23Z","timestamp":1722491723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02498-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral do Ensino (Portuguese Ministry of Education) and Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados (CNPD), the Portuguese Data Protection Authority. All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Portuguese Data Protection Authority (Authorization number 745\/2017) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from children\u2019s parents.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"87"}}