{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:56:22Z","timestamp":1778223382270,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected countries worldwide and has changed peoples\u2019 lives. A reduction in physical activity and increased mental health problems were observed, mainly in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this systematic review aims to examine the association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In July 2021, a search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, prospective, and longitudinal study designs and studies published in English; outcomes included physical activity and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative effects, well-being).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Overall, the studies suggested that higher physical activity is associated with higher well-being, quality of life as well as lower depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, independently of age. There was no consensus for the optimal physical activity level for mitigating negative mental symptoms, neither for the frequency nor for the type of physical activity. Women were more vulnerable to mental health changes and men were more susceptive to physical activity changes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Physical activity has been a good and effective choice to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policies should alert for possibilities to increase physical activity during the stay-at-home order in many countries worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T05:06:24Z","timestamp":1643691984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["The association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Priscila","family":"Marconcin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 O.","family":"Werneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ihle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c9lvio R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerson","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"12590_CR1","unstructured":"Conti P, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Kritas SK, Frydas I, Younes A, et al. The British variant of the new coronavirus-19 (Sars-Cov-2) should not create a vaccine problem. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020;35(1)."},{"key":"12590_CR2","volume-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations","author":"H Ritchie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E.; Beltekian D., Mathieu E., Hasell J., Macdonald B., Giattino C. and Roser M. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations 2021 Available from: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations."},{"key":"12590_CR3","unstructured":"Organization WH. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines?adgroupsurvey={adgroupsurvey}&gclid=CjwKCAiA1eKBBhBZEiwAX3gqlwcwqCmOIN-6welx1Msuxpy-YUyvsWAV-BYZOJ1g1qS0oUYbLEPiZxoC9uQQAvD_BwE."},{"key":"12590_CR4","volume-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations","author":"Our World in Data","year":"2021","unstructured":"Our World in Data. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations. 2021."},{"key":"12590_CR5","volume-title":"WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard","author":"Organization WH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/?gclid=CjwKCAiAmrOBBhA0EiwArn3mfDVdryFCBj-_lYP99HuMas-LYQzoVDYdfWMBkTmfFA8QVtmS0ncCTRoCiFIQAvD_BwE."},{"key":"12590_CR6","volume-title":"Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 16 November 2021","author":"WHO","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 16 November 2021. 2021."},{"key":"12590_CR7","volume-title":"Data on country response measures to COVID-19","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Data on country response measures to COVID-19 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/download-data-response-measures-covid-19."},{"issue":"35","key":"12590_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6935a2","volume":"69","author":"A Moreland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreland A, Herlihy C, Tynan MA, Sunshine G, McCord RF, Hilton C, et al. Timing of state and territorial COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and changes in population movement\u2014United States, march 1\u2013may 31, 2020. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(35):1198.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"12590_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00053","volume":"9","author":"F Valentin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valentin F, Sylvain I, Oulmann Z, Rachel FR, Jo\u00ebl B, Pierre-Michel L, et al. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population. J Behav Addict. 2020;9(3):826\u201335.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"13","key":"12590_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134677","volume":"17","author":"J Chodkiewicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chodkiewicz J, Talarowska M, Miniszewska J, Nawrocka N, Bilinski P. Alcohol consumption reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: the initial stage. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4677.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"12590_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13070155","volume":"13","author":"Y Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei Y, Shah R. Substance use disorder in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of vulnerabilities and complications. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(7):155.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals."},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00589-w","volume":"16","author":"N Salari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Health. 2020;16(1):57.","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"12590_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Q, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tan X. Changes in anxiety, depression, and stress in one week and one month later after the Wuhan shutdown against the COVID-19 epidemic. Disast Med Public Health Prepared. 2021;1-8.","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.20"},{"key":"12590_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2019.100315","volume":"18","author":"M Teychenne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teychenne M, White RL, Richards J, Schuch FB, Rosenbaum S, Bennie JA. Do we need physical activity guidelines for mental health: what does the evidence tell us? Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;18:100315.","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"12590_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.021","volume":"91","author":"A Marques","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marques A, Peralta M, Martins J, Catunda R, Matos MG, Saboga NL. Associations between physical activity and self-rated wellbeing in European adults: a population-based, cross-sectional study. Prev Med. 2016;91:18\u201323.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"12590_CR16","volume-title":"Physical Inactivity: a global public health problem","author":"WHO","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO. Physical Inactivity: a global public health problem 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/ncds\/prevention\/physical-activity\/inactivity-global-health-problem\/en\/."},{"key":"12590_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques A, Henriques-Neto D, Peralta M, Martins J, Demetriou Y, Sch\u00f6nbach DMI, et al. Prevalence of physical activity among adolescents from 105 low, middle, and high-income countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093145"},{"issue":"10","key":"12590_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30357-7","volume":"6","author":"R Guthold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077\u2013e86.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000960","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000960","volume":"7","author":"S Stockwell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, Shin J, Barnett Y, Butler L, et al. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021;7(1):e000960.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"12590_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9419","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249419","volume":"17","author":"V Violant-Holz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jim\u00e9nez MG, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez CS, Mu\u00f1oz-Violant S, Rodr\u00edguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, et al. Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9419.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR21","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality if nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Available from: http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm [cited 2021 Dec 28]."},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601","volume":"11","author":"PA Modesti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Modesti PA, Reboldi G, Cappuccio FP, Agyemang C, Remuzzi G, Rapi S, et al. Panethnic differences in blood pressure in Europe: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147601.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"12590_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","volume":"339","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"12590_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abate Daga F, Agostino S, Peretti S, Beratto L. The impact of physical activity rate on subjective well-being among North-Western Italian population during COVID-19 nationwide lockdown. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021.","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.21.12787-2"},{"key":"12590_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2021.101945","volume":"55","author":"JM Bird","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bird JM, Karageorghis CI, Hamer M. Relationships among behavioural regulations, physical activity, and mental health pre- and during COVID-19 UK lockdown. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;55:101945.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"12590_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643832","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.643832","volume":"12","author":"J Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho J, Borges-Machado F, Pizarro AN, Bohn L, Barros D. Home confinement in previously active older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of physical fitness and physical activity behavior and their relationship with depressive symptoms. Front Psychol. 2021;12:643832.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12590_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.08.007","volume":"28","author":"A Carriedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carriedo A, Cecchini JA, Fernandez-Rio J, M\u00e9ndez-Gim\u00e9nez A. COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the Nationwide lockdown in Spain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(11):1146\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2020.09.001","volume":"21","author":"JA Cecchini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cecchini JA, Carriedo A, Fern\u00e1ndez-R\u00edo J, M\u00e9ndez-Gim\u00e9nez A, Gonz\u00e1lez C, S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez B, et al. A longitudinal study on depressive symptoms and physical activity during the Spanish lockdown. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021;21(1):100200.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"key":"12590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.014","volume":"77","author":"F Chouchou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chouchou F, Augustini M, Caderby T, Caron N, Turpin NA, Dalleau G. The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: Reunion island as a case study. Sleep Med. 2021;77:297\u2013301.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"12590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00918-5","volume":"46","author":"C Coughenour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coughenour C, Gakh M, Pharr JR, Bungum T, Jalene S. Changes in depression and physical activity among college students on a diverse campus after a COVID-19 stay-at-home order. J Community Health. 2021;46(4):758\u201366.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"12590_CR31","first-page":"534","volume":"8","author":"NO Eric","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eric NO, Oghenebrorien AE, Onogimesike AT, Suoke OP. Mental wellbeing and exercise participation during covid-19 pandemic among adult residents of Nigeria's Niger delta. Int J Hum Move Sports Sci. 2020;8(6):534\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Hum Move Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"12590_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.11.016","volume":"24","author":"J Faulkner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faulkner J, O'Brien WJ, McGrane B, Wadsworth D, Batten J, Askew CD, et al. Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: a multi-country cross-sectional analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2020;24(4):320\u20136.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"12590_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567552","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.567552","volume":"9","author":"M Gierc","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gierc M, Riazi NA, Fagan MJ, Di Sebastiano KM, Kandola M, Priebe CS, et al. Strange days: adult physical activity and mental health in the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9:567552.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644106","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.644106","volume":"12","author":"A Lage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lage A, Carrapatoso S, de Queiroz S, Neto E, Gomes S, Soares-Miranda L, et al. Associations between depressive symptoms and physical activity intensity in an older adult population during COVID-19 lockdown. Front Psychol. 2021;12:644106.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113899","volume":"17","author":"IA Lesser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3899.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S277435","volume":"13","author":"J Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin J, Guo T, Becker B, Yu Q, Chen ST, Brendon S, et al. Depression is associated with moderate-intensity physical activity among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: differs by activity level, gender and gender role. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020;13:1123\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"12590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0239244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239244","volume":"16","author":"MY Marashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marashi MY, Nicholson E, Ogrodnik M, Fenesi B, Heisz JJ. A mental health paradox: mental health was both a motivator and barrier to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0239244.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"12590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04315","volume":"6","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, Pippi R, D'Agata V, Palma A, et al. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 2020;6(6):e04315.","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR39","first-page":"111","volume":"33","author":"A M\u00e9ndez-Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Gim\u00e9nez A, Cecchini JA, Fern\u00e1ndez-R\u00edo J, Carriedo A. Physical activity and prevention of depressive symptoms in the Spanish population during confinement due to COVID-19. Psicothema. 2021;33(1):111\u20137.","journal-title":"Psicothema."},{"key":"12590_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722448","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.722448","volume":"12","author":"YJ Nie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nie YJ, Ma YY, Wu YK, Li JH, Liu T, Zhang C, et al. Association between physical exercise and mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a Nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:722448.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"12590_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9036","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239036","volume":"17","author":"CP Nienhuis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nienhuis CP, Lesser IA. The Impact of COVID-19 on Women's Physical Activity Behavior and Mental Well-Being. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):9036.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"12590_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094585","volume":"18","author":"L O'Brien","year":"2021","unstructured":"O'Brien L, Forster J. Physical activity supporting connection to nature, and helping to maintain wellbeing during the Covid-19 restrictions in England. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4585.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101248","volume":"40","author":"F Ozdemir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozdemir F, Cansel N, Kizilay F, Guldogan E, Ucuz I, Sinanoglu B, et al. The role of physical activity on mental health and quality of life during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Integrat Med. 2020;40:101248.","journal-title":"Eur J Integrat Med"},{"key":"12590_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savage MJ, James R, Magistro D, Donaldson J, Healy LC, Nevill M, et al. Mental health and movement behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK university students: prospective cohort study. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2020.100357"},{"issue":"11","key":"12590_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114065","volume":"17","author":"R Stanton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stanton R, To QG, Khalesi S, Williams SL, Alley SJ, Thwaite TL, et al. Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4065.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"12590_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186591","volume":"17","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Maeda N, Hirado D, Shirakawa T, Urabe Y. Physical Activity Changes and Its Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Associations with Subjective Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6591.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"12590_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084329","volume":"18","author":"K Trabelsi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Masmoudi L, Boukhris O, Chtourou H, Bouaziz B, et al. Sleep quality and physical activity as predictors of mental wellbeing variance in older adults during COVID-19 lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 international online survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):4329.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582436","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.582436","volume":"11","author":"MQ Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang MQ, Tan XM, Sun J, Yang HY, Zhao XP, Liu L, et al. Relationship of physical activity with anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Psychol. 2020;11:582436.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"19","key":"12590_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10072","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910072","volume":"18","author":"A Zalewska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zalewska A, Ga\u0142czyk M, Sobolewski M, Bia\u0142okoz-Kalinowska I. Depression as compared to level of physical activity and internet addiction among polish physiotherapy students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10072.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"12590_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103722","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Di Q. Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3722.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"12590_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106863","volume":"154","author":"DR Young","year":"2021","unstructured":"Young DR, Hong BD, Lo T, Inzhakova G, Cohen DA, Sidell MA. The longitudinal associations of physical activity, time spent outdoors in nature and symptoms of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 quarantine and social distancing in the United States. Prev Med. 2021;154:106863.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"12590_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves JM, Yunker AG, DeFendis A, Xiang AH, Page KA. Associations between affect, physical activity, and anxiety among US children during COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.20.20216424"},{"key":"12590_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2020.100218","volume":"21","author":"X Chi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chi X, Liang K, Chen ST, Huang Q, Huang L, Yu Q, et al. Mental health problems among Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19: the importance of nutrition and physical activity. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2020;21:100218.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"12590_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051449","volume":"13","author":"ID Morres","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morres ID, Galanis E, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Androutsos O, Theodorakis Y. Physical activity, sedentariness, eating behaviour and well-being during a COVID-19 lockdown period in Greek adolescents. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1449.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.200908.001","volume":"11","author":"S Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang S, Sun Y, Zhang X, Sun F, Wang B, Zhu W. Is physical activity associated with mental health among Chinese adolescents during isolation in COVID-19 pandemic? J Epidemiol Global Health. 2020;11(1):26\u201333.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"12590_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chouchou F, Augustini M, Caderby T, Caron N, Turpin NA, Dalleau G. The importance of sleep and physical activity on well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: Reunion island as a case study. Sleep Med. 2020:297\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.014"},{"key":"12590_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coughenour C, Gakh M, Pharr JR, Bungum T, Jalene S. Changes in depression and physical activity among college students on a diverse campus after a COVID-19 stay-at-home order. J Community Health. 2020:758\u201366.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00918-5"},{"key":"12590_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112915","volume":"287","author":"CKT Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lima CKT, Carvalho PMM, Lima I, Nunes J, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI, et al. The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112915.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"12590_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1160-5770","volume":"82","author":"O Hahad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hahad O, Gilan DA, Daiber A, M\u00fcnzel T. Public mental health as one of the key factors in dealing with COVID-19. Gesundheitswesen. 2020;82(5):389\u201391.","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen."},{"key":"12590_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00057","volume":"2","author":"J Jakobsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jakobsson J, Malm C, Furberg M, Ekelund U, Svensson M. Physical activity during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: prevention of a decline in metabolic and immunological functions. Front Sports Active Living. 2020;2:57.","journal-title":"Front Sports Active Living"},{"issue":"1","key":"12590_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30348-0","volume":"4","author":"A Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler A. Sex and gender differences in mental disorders. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(1):8\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"12590_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giustino V, Parroco AM, Gennaro A, Musumeci G, Palma A, Battaglia G. Physical activity levels and related energy expenditure during COVID-19 quarantine among the Sicilian active population: a cross-sectional online survey study. Sustainability. 2020;12(11):4356.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12114356"},{"key":"12590_CR63","volume-title":"Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms","author":"IR Committee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Committee IR. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms. http:\/\/www.ipaq.ki.se\/scoring.pdf. 2005."},{"issue":"4","key":"12590_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e31829a68cf","volume":"12","author":"PD Thompson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS. ACSM\u2019s new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013;12(4):215\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"12590_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2020.100359","volume":"19","author":"RD Neill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neill RD, Lloyd K, Best P, Tully MA. The effects of interventions with physical activity components on adolescent mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;19:100359.","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"12590_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan Y, Ma J, Wu J, Chen Y, Zhu H, Hall BJ. Immediate and delayed psychological effects of province-wide lockdown and personal quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Psychol Med. 2020:1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003116"},{"issue":"10","key":"12590_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa202","volume":"113","author":"L Sher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sher L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM. 2020;113(10):707\u201312.","journal-title":"QJM"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1666731917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12590-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"209"}}