{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T18:15:38Z","timestamp":1774548938006,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia,Portugal","award":["UIDB\/00283\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00283\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Pais e Doentes com Hemoglobinopatias"},{"name":"Forum Haematologico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sickle Cell Disorder is Africa\u2019s most prevalent genetic disease. Yet, it remains a neglected condition, with high mortality under-five, and a lack of population-based studies in the region. This is the first of its kind in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, aiming to estimate the prevalence of sickle cell trait and other haemoglobin variants in women of reproductive age and its associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a cluster survey in 35 neighbourhoods. Haemoglobin was assessed through point-of-care capillary electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography, and sociodemographic data through questionnaires. The weighted prevalence of sickle cell trait (HbAS) and HbC carriers was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We calculated weighted prevalence ratios (95% CI) through robust Poisson regression for its association with age and individual and collective genetic heritage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of sickle cell trait in women of reproductive age in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009376) was 13.45% (95% CI: 9.05-19.00). The prevalence of HbC carriers was 8.00% (95% CI: 4.71-12.00). Older age and speaking Forro or Angolar were positively associated with having sickle cell trait.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of sickle cell trait in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe ranks high in the West African region. The country should follow international guidelines, implementing newborn screening and comprehensive healthcare management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17761-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1710849741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sickle cell trait in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe: a population-based prevalence study in women of reproductive age"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Celdidy","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lic\u00ednio","family":"Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria de Jesus","family":"Trovoada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"17761_CR1","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s principles of Internal Medicine [Internet]","author":"J Benz Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benz J Jr. Disorders of Hemoglobin. 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Participants diagnosed as HbS carriers were guaranteed genetic counselling by Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Filhos da Meia Lua Vermelha and, if possible, testing of their newborns. If the offspring is diagnosed with SCD at birth, clinical follow-up from the very first moment can improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patient. This ensures that the health information received by the participant corresponds to the proper response.All participants signed an informed consent form before participating in the study. In the case of underage women, the consent was signed by a legal representative.All data were anonymised by the first author and shared with the team in an aggregate form. Individual files and biological material are archived and protected in CIAS servers for 5 years, being destroyed thereafter.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors GQ and CB are associates of Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Pais e Doentes com Hemoglobinopatias, and CM is head of Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Filhos da Meia Lua Vermelha. CM and MJT work in Centro Nacional de Endemias da\u00b4Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. LM and LR have no conflicts of interest. Their personal and professional involvement in the fight for sickle cell disease patients did not collide but enforced the methodological rigour and transparency of this study. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication, and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policies, or views of the government of Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. CB has received honoraria from Arkray for a talk in a webinar. AL has received honoraria from Pfizer for a presentation at a scientific event.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"850"}}