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Emerging evidence suggests a \u201cmouth-gut axis,\u201d with the oral cavity reflecting extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD. This study evaluated the oral health status of IBD patients and the potential of salivary calprotectin (SCP) as a biomarker for assessing IBD activity and oral health.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oral health was assessed in 100 IBD patients [60 with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and 40 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 14 controls. Evaluations included the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Score, Periodontal Diagnosis and the need for dental or prosthetic treatment. Saliva and stool samples were collected to measure SCP and faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels using the Elia Calprotectin 2 Test. IBD activity was evaluated with FCP, the Harvey-Bradshaw Index for CD, and the Partial Mayo Score for UC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The DMFT index mean was comparable between IBD patients (mean 7.99, SD 7.73) and controls (mean 10.00, SD 6.49). However, periodontal disease was significantly more prevalent in IBD patients (57% in CD, 70% in UC) than in controls (29%), with severe cases (stages III\/IV) more frequent in IBD. Additionally, 89% of IBD patients required dental treatment, and 39% needed prosthetic rehabilitation. SCP levels showed no significant correlation with disease activity or oral health status, while FCP correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study underscores the need for improved oral health management in IBD patients and suggests that SCP may not be a reliable biomarker for monitoring IBD or periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06064-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T14:17:51Z","timestamp":1747318671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Oral health in inflammatory bowel disease: the overlooked impact and the potential role of salivary calprotectin"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana T. P. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro C.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N\u00e9lio","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ministro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, Underwood FE, Tang W, Benchimol EI et al. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"729"}}